BIOL1412 > 2: cell membrane > Flashcards

2: cell membrane Flashcards

(68 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

recall what makes up the cell membrane

A

a phospholipid bilayer where phospholipid’s hydrophobic tails come together to allow hydrophilic heads to face the outer & inner of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

while the phospholipid bilayer acts as a barrier to water soluble molecules & ions, what can easily cross

A

fat soluble molecules
small, non-polar molecules
hormones (hydrophobic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the 4 different types of cell membrane proteins

A

transport
receptor
enzymes
anchoring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the 2 types of transport proteins in the membrane

A

channel & carrier proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

channel proteins form a pore in the cell membrane to allow movement in/out of the cell, what type of transport is used

A

facilitated diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

recall how facilitated diffusion works, & the conditions

A

uses no energy as molecules just pass, but they must be non-polar & small

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what common molecules are non-polar & small enough to easily pass the membrane

A

o2 & co2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

carrier proteins bind to solutes to carry them across the membrane, what 2 types of transport use carrier proteins

A

facilitated diffusion & active transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

recall the difference between gated & non-gated channels

A

non-gated channels are always open but molecules move from high to low all the time, gated allows the channel to be open & closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which transport protein is slower & more specific w/ molecules

A

carrier proteins are slower & more specific due to binding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

GLUT transporters bind to glucose to carry it over the membrane, this is an example of a ____ protein

A

carrier protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

receptor proteins only bind to specific extracellular molecules called ____

A

ligands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

an example of a receptor protein in the sarcolemma of skeletal muscle fibers are insulin receptors, what is the result of their presence

A

insulin will bind to the receptors, changing the membrane permeability to glucose which allows an increased uptake of glucose from the blood into the fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which proteins control the chemical reactions that take place on the outer face of the cell membrane

A

enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

acetylcholinesterase found on the outer surface of the sarcolemma of a muscle fiber is an example of which protein and functions to

A

enzymes! it cleaves & inactivates acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

recall the 3 functions of anchoring proteins in the membrane

A
  • anchor the cytoskeleton to the cell membrane
  • join the cell to extracellular fibers for structural organization
  • join adjacent cells & form inter cellular junctions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

recall & contrast the 3 types of junctions formed by anchor proteins

A

desmosomes - loose for flexibility

tight junctions - no movement

gap junctions - allow cytoplasmic connection like joint hotel rooms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the cell membrane contains carbohydrates, which can be located on glycoproteins/glycolipids. they are also located on the extracellular surface for what purpose

A

cell recognition aka identification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

MHC I is a glycosylated protein in the plasma membrane of all nucleated cells in the body & is an example of a membrane carbohydrate, why is it not present in red blood cells

A

they don’t contain nuclei when they are mature – allowing blood to be donated from lack of identification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what membrane carbohydrate allows the immune system to distinguish self from non-self

A

MHC I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the 2 types of membrane transport

A

passive & active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

passive transport refers to when solutes move from high to low concentrations, requiring no energy. the 3 examples of this transport are

A

simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion
carrier mediated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

recall the difference between simple & facilitated diffusion

A

simple diffusion allows solutes to move across without proteins - o2 & co2

facilitated needs channel proteins for movement - na & k

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what kind of molecules use carrier mediated transport

A

charged, polar, & large molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
osmosis is another type of ____ membrane transport
passive
26
how does osmosis differ from other types of transport
osmosis moves the solvent rather than the solute when the membrane isn't permeable to the solute
27
recall the 2 ways water moves through osmosis
directly across the membrane or through aquaporin channels
28
in the shown experiment, osmotic pressure is created from
a plunger used to stop water rising from rushing toward the higher concentration
29
what is the pressure that must be applied to stop the movement of water across a membrane
osmotic pressure
30
recall when osmotic pressure = zero, & when it is high
zero when both sides of the membrane have a solution of pure water higher when one side has a concentrated solution
31
which solution would equal a higher osmotic pressure: 10% NaCl or 20% NaCl
20% NaCl
32
osmotic pressure depends on the concentration of solute guiding the water movement so, high vs low solute concentration =
high solute conc. = high osmotic pressure low solute conc. = low osmotic pressure
33
what describes the behaviour of a cell that is immersed in solution
tonicity
34
what is tonicity heavily dependent on
the concentration of solutes present & the permeability of the membrane to those solutes
35
recall the 3 types of tonic solutions
hypotonic - solution is less concentrated than the cell hypertonic - solution is more concentrated than the cell isotonic - solution is the same concentration as the cell
36
match the 3 tonic solutions to the action of water moving in, water moving out, & no net movement
hypotonic - water moves into the cell so cell will eventually burst hypertonic - water exits the cell, eventually shrivelling the cell isotonic - no net movement
37
why is 0.9% NaCL (saline solution) significant in reference to tonicity
it is isotonic to our bodily fluids
38
a red blood cell placed in pure water undergoes hemolysis, this is an example of a ___ solution
hypotonic
39
a red blood cell is placed in a solution of 10% NaCl, this is an example of a ____ solution
hypertonic
40
water movement in/out of the nephron & the use of 10% sucrose to decrease cerebral edema are examples to back up that concentration of fluid is regulated by
concentration differences
41
why must blood solute concentrations be carefully maintained
to prevent death
42
what are 2 ways to refer to fluid outside of the cell
interstitial fluid (ISF) or extracellular fluid (ECF)
43
intracellular fluid (ICF) is fluid that is
inside of the cell
44
what is ISF called when t surrounds blood cells
plasma
45
when water is lost from the body as sweat, solute concentration increases & so does the osmotic pressure. how does the body respond to maintain the right concentration
fluid from the tissues move into the blood & thirst is triggered while water excretion is decrease to prevent further loss
46
the movement of fluid & solute within due to a pressure gradient is referred to as
the bulk flow of fluids
47
hydrostatic pressure is an example of a bulk flow of fluid, it comes from
fluid in a blood vessel pushing outward against the wall of a vessel
48
fluids like moving from high to low pressures, if blood has a high hydrostatic pressure, where will fluid flow
out of the capillary & into the interstitial fluid
49
fluid movement to/from capillaries is determined by a balance of 4 pressures which are
blood hydrostatic pressure (BHP) interstitial fluid osmotic pressure (ISFOP) blood osmotic pressure (BOP) interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (ISFHP)
50
what causes osmotic pressure in the blood
the presence of large proteins that are unable to cross the membrane & escape the blood
51
recall the difference between absorption & filtration
absorption is the movement of fluid into the blood while filtration is the movement out of the blood
52
which 2 pressures are found inside of the capillary
interstitial fluid osmotic pressure (ISFOP) & blood hydrostatic pressure (BHP)
53
which 2 pressures are found outside of the capillary
interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (ISFHP) & blood osmotic pressure (BOP)
54
why do BHP & ISFOP favour filtration
the pressure is within the capillary, fluid movement out would relieve the pressure
55
why doe BOP & ISFHP favour absorption
the pressure outside of the capillary would be relieved by the movement of fluid in
56
recall the 2 types of active processes
active transport & vesicular transport
57
active transport is the movement of solutes against their concentration gradient, recall primary & secondary active transports
primary uses ATP directly from the cell secondary uses the energy stored in gradient, not ATP directly
58
what example is used for primary active transport
the NA+/K+ ATPase pump that transports 3Na+ out & 2K+ in using 1 ATP
59
where is the Na+/K+ ATPase pump located
in the plasma membrane of all body cells
60
Na+ & K+ gradients produced from the pump will store ____
energy that originated in ATP molecules
61
what example is used for secondary active transport
the movement of Na+ down its gradient created by the pump, it releases stored energy that powers the movement of glucose up its concentration gradient
62
vesicular transport is the transport of substances that are surrounded by a membrane within the cell, what are the 2 types
endocytosis & exocytosis
63
phagocytosis & pinocytosis are processes that are examples of ___
endocytosis
64
recall the difference between phago & pinocytosis
phago is like the cell eating, it ingests large items into the cell pino is like the cell drinking, ingesting fluids & their dissolved material
65
certain immune cells "eating" bacteria is an example of
phagocytosis
66
the difference between endocytosis & exocytosis is
endo refers to movement of material into the cell exo is movement of material destined for export out of the cell
67
hormones, ezymes, & neurotransmitters are released into the ECF, this is an example of
exocytosis
68
the process of exocytosis is dependent on
calcium
BIOL1412
flashcards
Decks in class (10)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions