2 - HYDROSPHERE

Question 1

Our planet’s surface is dominated by water; over _____ of the surface of the earth is covered by liquid water, in oceans and lakes, and solid water, in the ice of glaciers, icecaps, and sea ice.

Answer 1

70 percent

Question 2

the fall of liquid or solid (ice) water from the atmosphere to reach the Earth ’s land or ocean surface.

Answer 2

Precipitation

Question 3

a chemical compound of hydrogen and oxygen.

Answer 3

water molecule (H2O)

Question 4

• The attraction between individual water molecules creates a bond known as a

Answer 4

hydrogen bond.

Question 5

a force that acts to reduce the surface area of a liquid.

Answer 5

• Surface Tension

Question 6

how much heat energy is needed raise the temperature of a substance.

Answer 6

• Specific Heat

Question 7

THREE STATES OF WATER

Answer 7

as a solid (ice)
liquid (water)
invisible gas (water vapor)

Question 8

absorbed and held in storage in a gas or liquid during the processes of evaporation, melting, or sublimation; energy released in condensation, freezing, or deposition.

Answer 8

• Latent Heat Energy

Question 9

• flow of latent heat that results when water absorbs energy from its surroundings and changes from a liquid or solid to a gas and then later releases that energy to new surroundings by condensation or deposition.

Answer 9

• Latent Heat Transfer

Question 10

CHANGES OF THE STATE OF WATER

Answer 10

Evaporation
Melting
Freezing
Condensation
Sublimation
Deposition

Question 11

process by which water in a liquid state passes into the vapor state.

Answer 11

• Evaporation

Question 12

change from solid state to liquid state, accompanied by absorption of energy from the surroundings that is stored as latent heat.

Answer 12

• Melting

Question 13

change from liquid to solid state, accompanied by release of latent heat energy.

Answer 13

• Freezing

Question 14

process of change of matter in the gaseous state (water vapor) to the liquid state (liquid water) or solid state (ice).

Answer 14

• Condensation

Question 15

process of change of ice (solid state) to water vapor (gaseous state).

Answer 15

• Sublimation

Question 16

change of state of a substance from a gas (water vapor) to a solid (ice).

Answer 16

• Deposition

Question 17

the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram (g) of water through 1° Celsius.

Answer 17

• Calorie

Question 18

• World Oceans

Answer 18

97.2%

Question 19

• Fresh Water

Answer 19

2.8%

Question 20

o Ice sheets and glaciers

Answer 20

2.15%

Question 21

o Groundwater

Answer 21

0.63%

Question 22

describes the global flow of water to and from oceans, land, and atmosphere. Water moves by evaporation, precipitation, and runoff.

Answer 22

hydrologic cycle

Question 23

evaporative loss of water to the atmosphere from leaf pores of plants.

Answer 23

• Transpiration

Question 24

refers to the amount of water vapor present in the air. Warm air can hold much more water vapor than cold air.

Answer 24

• Humidity

Question 25

gaseous state of water.

Answer 25

* Water Vapor

Question 26

an instrument used to measure humidity.

Answer 26

* Hygrometer

Question 27

made up of condensed water droplets, ice particles, or a mixture of both, suspended in air.

Answer 27

* Clouds

Question 28

tiny bit of solid matter (aerosol) in the atmosphere on which water vapor condenses to form a very small water droplet.

Answer 28

* Condensation Nucleus

Question 29

cloud layer in contact with land or sea surface, or very close to that surface.

Answer 29

* Fog

Question 30

tiny droplets of water hanging in the air. These droplets form when warmer water in the air is rapidly cooled, causing it to change from invisible gas to tiny visible water droplets.

Answer 30

* Mist

Question 31

TYPES OF FOG

Answer 31

* Radiation Fog * Valley Fog * Advection Fog * Freezing Fog

Question 32

Produced by radiation cooling of the basal air layer. Radiation fog forms in the evening when heat absorbed by the Earth’s surface during the day is radiated into the air.

Answer 32

RADIATION FOG

Question 33

Sometimes people use the term _____ to refer to radiation fog. This does not reach as high as any of the clouds overhead. It usually forms at night.

Answer 33

“ground fog”

Question 34

* Forms in mountain valleys, usually during winter.

Answer 34

VALLEY FOG

Question 35

* Produced by condensation within a moist basal air layer moving over a cold land or water surface.

Answer 35

ADVECTION FOG

Question 36

a scientific name describing the movement of fluid.

Answer 36

advection

Question 37

* Happens when the liquid fog droplets freeze to solid surfaces.

Answer 37

FREEZING FOG

Question 38

mixture of aerosols and chemical pollutants in the lower atmosphere, usually found over urban areas.

Answer 38

* Smog

Question 39

minor concentration of pollutants or natural forms of aerosols in the atmosphere causing a reduction in visibility.

Answer 39

* Haze

Question 40

* The cloud classification scheme used today was developed in 1803 by ______, an English naturalist.

Answer 40

Luke Howard

Question 41

* The World Meteorological Organization published the _______ in 1956 based on Howard’s classification scheme.

Answer 41

International Cloud Atlas

Question 42

* Howard employed Latin words to create three different groups of clouds based on their appearance:

Answer 42

1. Cirrus (wispy, feathered) 2. Cumulus (heaped, Puffy) 3. Stratus (Layered) 4. Alto group (newly added)

Question 43

- A high cloud with a feathery appearance that is composed of ice crystals.

Answer 43

1. Cirrus (wispy, feathered)

Question 44

- A dome-shaped, bunched cloud, with a flat base and billowy upper portions.

Answer 44

2. Cumulus (heaped, Puffy)

Question 45

- A cloud type characterized by low, flat sheets of clouds.

Answer 45

3. Stratus (Layered)

Question 46

which, in the context of cloud names, means “middle.” - This are mid-level clouds that are fluffy and look like large cotton balls.

Answer 46

4. Alto group

Question 47

dense, tall clouds that produce rain or thundershowers

Answer 47

Cumulonimbus

Question 48

the process by which cloud droplets merge to form raindrops.

Answer 48

* Collision And Coalescence

Question 49

particles of liquid water or ice that fall from the atmosphere and may reach the ground.

Answer 49

* Precipitation

Question 50

The process by which ice crystals grow within a cloud to form snow.

Answer 50

* Ice-crystal Process (or Bergeron process)

Question 51

Swedish meteorologist

Answer 51

* Tor Harold Percival Bergeron

Question 52

* The ice-crystal process (or Bergeron process) forms snow in clouds in which the temperature is _______

Answer 52

0°C or below.

Question 53

the temperature is above 0°C, and the collision-and-coalescence process dominates.

Answer 53

warm clouds

Question 54

the temperature is below 0°C throughout, and the ice-crystal process dominates.

Answer 54

cold clouds

Question 55

* Clouds with a range of temperatures, and in which both processes occur, are called

Answer 55

mixed cloud

Question 56

FOUR TYPES OF PRECIPITATION

Answer 56

Rain Form Snow Form Sleet Form Freezing rain

Question 57

precipitation consisting of falling water drops, usually 0.5 mm (0.02 in.) or larger in diameter.

Answer 57

* Rain Form

Question 58

precipitation consisting of ice particles

Answer 58

* Snow Form

Question 59

precipitation consisting of ice pellets, which may be frozen raindrops.

Answer 59

* Sleet Form

Question 60

a rare type of liquid precipitation that strikes a cold surface and freezes almost instantly.

Answer 60

* Freezing rain

Question 61

precipitation consisting of pellets or spheres of ice with a concentric layered structure.

Answer 61

* Hail Form

Question 62

can travel through much of the height of the storm during its development and may make multiple vertical loops.

Answer 62

* Hail-producing thunderstorm

Question 63

Instrument used to measure the amount of rain that has fallen.

Answer 63

* Rain Gauge