What makes up the human movement system?
- Skeletal system
- Nervous system
- Muscular system
What is a concentric muscle action?
Muscle shortening while producing force; acceleration of an external load
What is eccentric muscle action?
Muscle lengthening while producing force; deceleration of an external load
What is an isometric muscle action?
Muscle length remains static while producing force; no movement of an external load
What are biarticulate muscles, and what are some examples?
Muscles that cross two joints and can therefore act on both at the same time. E.g., Biceps Brachii, Triceps Brachii (the long head), Rectus Femoris, Gastrocnemius
What are multiarticulate muscles, and what are some examples?
Muscles that cross more than two joints and can influence movement in all of them. E.g., Erector Spinae, Flexor and Extensor Digitorum, the long flexors and extensors of the toes
What is Active Insufficiency (AI), and what are some examples?
AI happens when a multi-joint muscle becomes too shortened to produce effective force at one or both of the joints it crosses. E.g., Hamstrings and Rectus Femoris
What is Passive Insufficiency (PI), and what are some examples?
PI occurs when a multi-joint muscle is stretched over multiple joints and cannot lengthen enough to allow full range of motion at all of them simultaneously. E.g., Hamstrings and Rectus Femoris
The muscle agonist is?
The prime mover for a movement pattern, or joint action
The muscle antagonist?
Directly opposes the prime mover or agonist
Synergists?
Assist the prime mover
Stabilizers?
Support or stabilize the body while prime movers and synergists perform the movement
What is motor behaviour?
The interaction of sensory and motor systems to acquire, produce, and retain skilled movement
What makes up human motor behaviour?
- Motor control
- Motor learning
- Motor development
What is motor control?
Sensorimotor integration to produce voluntary movement
What is motor learning?
CNS adaptations leading to increased capability for motor performance
What is motor development?
Changes in motor characteristics throughout the lifespan
What is sensorimotor integration?
The ability of the nervous system to collect and interpret sensory information in order to utilize that information to affect motor output
What is sensory information, and what are some examples?
Data collected and transmitted from the internal and external environments. E.g., visual, vestibular, somatosensory
What is sensation?
The conscious awareness of a stimulus that results from sensory receptor activation, by the spinal cord and/or the brain
The stage of processing of sensory information
receipt of sensory information by the spinal cord
and/or brain
What is perception, and what are some examples?
The identification, organization, interpretation, and integration of sensation in higher brain centres. E.g., proprioception, interoception, exteroception, nociception
Afferent vs efferent acronyms?
SAME and DAVE
What is neuromuscular efficiency, and what does it involve?
The ability of the nervous system to recruit appropriate muscles with appropriate levels of force at appropriate times to produce optimal movement. It involves coordination, synchronization, and timing of muscle actions
What is movement compensation?
An alternate, usually suboptimal, movement that is often performed as a result of dysfunction, pain, or previous injury.
