what elements are all carbohydrates made of?
the elements C, H and O
what are carbohydrates made from?
they are made from the monomer monosaccharides
define an isomer
they are molecules that have the same molecular formula as each other but the atoms are connected differently
give an example of an isomer
Glucose
define a hexose sugar
a hexose sugar is a monosaccharide with six carbon atoms in each molecule
name the two types of glucose
- Alpha Glucose
- Beta Glucose
how is a disaccharide formed
when two monosaccharides are joined via a condensation reaction, glycosidic bonds are formed between the two monosaccharides as a water molecule is released- forming a disaccharide
what is a disaccharide
two monosaccharides joined together
what is the reagent for testing sugars?
Benedict’s reagent
if the test for sugar is negative what could be present?
non-reducing sugars
describe the test for reducing sugar
- add benedicts reagant to a sample
- heat it in a water bath thats been brought to boil
- if the test is positive, it will form a coloured precipitate of either green, yellow, or brick-red
give examples of reducing sugars
- monosaccharides
- some disaccharides i.e. maltose and lactose
describe the process for testing for non-reducing sugars
- get a new sample of a test solution, adding hydrochloric acid
- place in water bath thats been brought to boil
- neutralise it by adding hydrogen carbonate
- finally carry out the Benedict’s solution test as you would with reducing sugars
What bond is present in carbohydrates
Glycosidic bonds
