ANAT241 > 20 > Flashcards

20 Flashcards

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1
Q
A
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2
Q

What bones contricute to the elbow joint?

A
  • humerus
  • ulna
  • radius
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3
Q

Elbow joint contains ____ joints contained within a common _____

A

3
Capsule

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4
Q

Three joints of the elbow joint contained within the common capsule …

A
  1. Hemeroulnar
  2. Radiohumeral (is this the same as humeroradial?)
  3. Proximal radioulnar joint
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5
Q

Features of the humeroulnar and humeroradial joints

A

Humeroulnar joint:
- convex trochlea (humerus)
- concave trochlea notch (ulnar)

Humeroradial joint:
- spherical capitulum
- concave head of radius

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6
Q

The humeroulnar and humeroradial joints form what kind of joint? What kind of movements can it do?

A
  • synovial, hinge joint
  • flexion and extension
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7
Q

Proximal ulna

A
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8
Q

What attaches to the olecranon process on the proximal ulna ?

A

(Posterior)
- triceps

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9
Q

What articulates with the radial notch of the proximal ulnar

A

Radial head

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

What attaches to the radial tuberosity ?

A

Biceps brachii

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12
Q

What attaches to the ulnar tuberosity

A

Brachialis

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13
Q

What are the bony components of the proximal radioulnar joint?

A
  • head of the radius (rim)
  • radial notch (ulna)
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14
Q

What is the bony congruence of the proximal radioulnar joint like?

A
  • poor bony congruence
  • reliant of the annular ligament and radial collateral ligament for stability
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15
Q

What kind joint is the proximal radioulnar joint? What movements does it allow?

A
  • synovial, pivot joint
  • super nation and pronation
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16
Q

Shit that can go wrong with the annular ligament of the radioulnar joint

A
  • laxity in childhood
  • yanking movements can dislocate the head of the radius
  • potential damage to ligament
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17
Q

Features of the elbow joint capsule

A
  • outer fibrous, inner synovial layer
  • large, loose, weak
  • blends with annular ligament
  • has no direct attachment to radius
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18
Q

What is the joint capsule of the elbow reinforced by?

A

Collateral ligaments

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19
Q

What do the ulnar and radial collateral ligaments restrict

A
  • radial (lateral) collateral ligaments restrict varus forces
  • ulnar (medial) collateral ligaments restrict valgus forces
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20
Q

Joint classification of the middle radioulnar joint

A

(Interosseous membrane)

Fibrous joint

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21
Q

Joint classification of the distal radioulnar joint

A

(Formed by head of the ulnar and distal part of radius, there is a disk attached to radius which rotates radius)

Synovial pivot joint

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22
Q

Main difference between the middle radioulnar joint and the middle tibiofibular joint ?

A

Radioulnar moves - there is a much stronger connection in the leg

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23
Q

What muscles are involved with pronation ?

A
  • pronator teres
  • pronator quadratus
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24
Q

What muscles are supinators ?

A
  • biceps brachii
  • supinator
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25
Carpal wrist bones form ___ rows of bones and form the ____ ____
Two Carpal arch (I.e they do not lie in a flat plane)
26
Distal and proximal rows of carpal bones
she left the party He cuaght the tram Some lovers try positions that they can’t handle
27
What carpal bone is most commonly injured
Scaphoid
28
What is a flexor retinaculum
- across the top of the carpal arch - it is a thickening of the deep fascia and are there to hold down tendons that will pass through the carpal tunnel
29
What passes through the carpal tunnel
- tendons that go into our fingers - and the medial nerve
30
What bony components form the hand?
- metacarpals - phalanges
31
What kind of joints are in the hand?
Synovial
32
Function of the bones of the hand
- manipulation - grip - sensation
33
What kind of joint is the weariest (radio-carpal) joint?
Ellipsoikd (condyloid) synovial joint
34
What are the bony components of the wrist?
- distal radius (and intra-articular disc) - proximal row of carpal bones
35
What movements occur at the radio-carpal (wrist) joint?
- flexion/extension - abduction/adduction - curcumduction
36
What is the joint capusle of the radio-carpal joint reinforced by?
Collateral ligaments - radial (lateral) collateral ligaments restricts vasrus forces - ulnar (medial) collateral ligaments restricts valgus forces
37
What kind of joint are the interphalangeal joints and what movements do they allow?
- synovial hinge joints - flexion and extrension
38
What kind of joints are the metacarpophalangeal joints and what movements do they allow?
Ellipsoid joints - flexion and extension - abduction and adduction - circumduction
39
What kind of joint is the carpometacarpal joint 1?what movement?
- saddle joint - joint at base of thumb - important for opposition
40
Intrinsic hand muscles - what muscles move the thumb
Thenar
41
What muscles move the 5th digit ?
Hypothenar
42
43
Muscle function in the anterior compartment of the forearm
Flexors of wrist and hand (stabilise elbow)
44
Nerve innervation
Median (mostly), ulnar
45
Blood innervation of the anterior compartment of the forearm
Radial and ulnar artery and vein
46
Muscle function in the posterior compartment of the forearm
Extensors of wrist and hand (stabilise elbow)
47
Nerve innervation of the posterior compartment of the forearm
Radial nerve
48
Blood innervation of the posterior compartment of the forearm
Posterior interosseous artery and vein
49
Carpi means
Wrist
50
Digitorum means
Fingers
51
Pollicis means
Thumb
52
Ulnaris means
Ulnar
53
Radialis
Radius
54
What does superficialis mean
Superficial
55
What does profundus mean?
Deep.
56
What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the arm (flexors)
Superficial Pronator teres Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) Flexor carpi radialis (FCR) Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) Deep (flexor digitorum profoundus (FDP), flexor pollicis longus (FPL))
57
Common attachment site of flexor carpi ulnaris and radial and flexor digitorum superficialis
Medial epicondyle
58
Where do flexor tendons (to the finger and thumb) pass under at the wrist?
The flexor retinaculum - along with the median nerve
59
60
What is the floor of the carpal tunnel formed by?
Carpal bones
61
What is the roof of the carpal tunnel formed by
Flexor retinaculum
62
What passses through the carpal tunnel
- flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) (4 tendons) - flexor digitorum profoundus (FDP) (4 tendons) - flexor policis longus (FPL) - median nerve
63
Carpal tunnel syndrome
- NERVE ENTRAPMENT SYNDROME - increased fluid and increased pressure inside the tunnel Symptoms: - pain - atrophy
64
Carpal tunnel repease
65
What muscles are in the posterior compartment (extensors) of the forearm
Superficial: (Brachioradialis) Extensor carpi radialus longus (ECRL) Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) Extensor digitorum (ED) Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) LEARN THE 4 ABOVE Extensor digiti minimi Deep: (Supinator) Extensor indices Extensor pollicis longus (EPL) Extensor pollicis brevis (EPD) Abductor pollicis longus (AbPL)
66
Origin of ECRL, ECRB, ED and ECU
Lateral epicondyle (or above epicondyle)
67
68
What do the extensor tendons pass under at the wrists
Extensor retinaculum
69
Main overall function of the forearm muscles
Control and forceful movements of the wrist and hand - such as gripping
70
What is the nervous innervation of the forarm
Median and ulnar nerves
71
What do the median and ulnar nerves supply?
- anterior compartment of the forearm (mostly median) - intrinsic muscles of the (mostly ulnar)
72
What does the radial nerve supply?
Posterior compartment of the arm Posterior compartment of the forearm
73
The brachial artery divides just below the elbow joint into _____ and _____ arteries
Radial Ulnar
74
Main blood supple of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm
Radial and ulnar
75
What is the main blood supply of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Posterior interosseous (branch of ulnar artery)
76
What is the blood supply of the hand?
- superficial Palmar arch - deep palmar arch
77
ANAT241
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