20 - genetics

Question 1

What is DNA?

Answer 1

it is the SET OF INSTRUCTIONS that CONTAINS INFO needed to DEVELOP AND MAINTAIN LIFE

IT IS A CHEMICAL MOLECULE

Question 2

What is a chromosome?

Answer 2

STRUCTURE in every CELL NUCLEUS that CONTAINS DNA (&RNA)

Question 3

How many chromosome pairs do DOGS have?

Answer 3

39 (38 autosome 1 sex pair)

Question 4

How many chromosome pairs do CATS have?

Answer 4

19 (18 autosomes 1 sex pair)

Question 5

How many chromosomes do HUMANS have?

Answer 5

23 pairs

Question 6

Where are GENES located?

Answer 6

along the chromosomes

Question 7

____ are a basic unit of inheritance?

Answer 7

Genes
(They code for the development of ALL ORGANISMS)

Question 8

LOCUS

Answer 8

sight (position) on the chromosome

Question 9

Genes at the same ____ affect the same trait.

Answer 9

LOCUS

Question 10

____ are the VARIANT units of a gene

Answer 10

ALLELES

Question 11

Homozygous Dominant

Answer 11

(DD)
BOTH THE SAME DOMINANT

Question 12

Homozygous
Recessive

Answer 12

(dd)
BOTH THE SAME RECESSIVE

Question 13

Heterozygous

Answer 13

(Dd)
THEY ARE DIFFERENT

Question 14

What is the order for a genetic ratio?

Answer 14

Homo dominant: Homo recessive: hetero

Question 15

what are the 3 geneotypes?

Answer 15

Genes:
Homozygous dominant
Homozygous recessive
Heterozygous

Question 16

Phenotype

Answer 16

What the genes look like

Question 17

Mm is …

Answer 17

MERLE COAT

Question 18

mm is…

Answer 18

FULL COLOR

Question 19

MM is…

Answer 19

LETHAL WHITE

Question 20

Crossing - over & Gene linkage
leads to…

Answer 20

Leads to SPONTANEOUS MUTATIONS that CONFUSE BREEDING practices

Question 21

SEX LINKAGE For males

Answer 21

XY

x carried traits are always expressed

Question 22

SEX LINKAGE for Females

Answer 22

XX

Question 23

Polygenic inheritance

Answer 23

More than one gene that affects the traits

Hair length or hip dysplasia

Question 24

What are the 3 types of genotypic breeding?

Answer 24

• Inbreeding (very closely related)
• Linebreeding (related but removed by one generation grandchild and grandparent)
• Outcrossing (unrealted individuals)

the problem is that the close breeding is common because the breeders will know what traits will show up

Question 25

What is inbreeding? one pro and one con

Answer 25

Mating very closely related individuals Pro you know what youll get Con bad side effects for children

Question 26

What is Linebreeding?

Answer 26

Breeding closely related individuals that are removed by at least one generation

Question 27

What is outcrossing?

Answer 27

Mating unrelated to individuals to bring in new characteristics or to eliminate bad ones

Question 28

What are the 3 types of phenotypic (non-genetic) breeding

Answer 28

* Positive assortative (mating phenotypic behavior two alike traits) * negative assortative (mating phenotypic behavior two unalike) **like big dog and little dog** * cross breeding (mating two different breeds to get "new chatacteristics)

Question 29

Genetic defects are most commonly what traits?

Answer 29

RECESSIVE ## Footnote Recessive b/c you need 2 genes to actally have the trait

Question 30

Dominant traits are easy to eliminate why?

Answer 30

* You only need one for the trait to show up in the phenotype * You don't even need to see the genetics for a dominant trait (because you can see it on the phenotype)

Question 31

Inbreeding is thought to be responsible for over _____ in health expenses (dog only)

Answer 31

$1 billion

Question 32

Can mixed breeds get genetic disorders?

Answer 32

YES

Question 33

What animal CURRENTLY have significantly fewer commom genetic diseases?

Answer 33

CATS ## Footnote B/c cats have been domesticated for less time (less chance for inbreeding, and inventing new breeds)

Question 34

Cats genetic disorders Manx(breed) gene (homozygous) causes:

Answer 34

Sacrocaudal dysgenesis

Question 35

Cat genetic disorders Scottish fold (incompletely dominant gene) causes:

Answer 35

Osteochondrodysplasia

Question 36

Persian

Answer 36

Polycystic kidney disease

Question 37

Devon Rex

Answer 37

"Hemophilia like" cardiac