How does the body control water balance
by changing the volume of urine produced
when does DNA replicate?
before mitosis (During interphase)
which vessel carries blood from left ventricle?
aorta
What is the treatment short sightedness?
concave lens
Why use a stain on a microscope slide
to be able to see sub-cellular structures
How to set up a microscope?
Place the slide on the stage
use low magnification
move the stage
to focus on the cells
change to a higher magnification and refocus
what tissue is for translocation in plants
phloem
what is a nucleotide?
one unit of DNA, phosphate + sugar + base
Where is DNA in eukaryotes vs prokaryotes?
in eukaryotes its in the nucleus, in prokaryotes/bacteria, its in the cytoplasm
What is the shape of DNA in eukaryotes vs prokaryotes?
in eukaryotes its linear/straight/ribbon/strand and in prokaryotes its circular/loop
Describe the process of photosynthesis
light is absorbed by chloroplasts.
light energy is used to make ATP
two stage process, with light independent and light dependant stages
Water molecule is split into hydrogen and oxygen
Carbon dioxide is combined with hydrogen to make glucose
In the photosynthesis required practical, what solution removes CO2
sodium hydroxide
Explain why enzymes can only break down one specific thing.
enzymes are specific to one substrate
the active site has a particular shape to fit that one substrate
only that one substrate will bind with the active site, forming an enzyme substrate complex
where is the cortex?
the outer region of kidney
How is water reabsorbed in the kidneys?
kidney tubules
What might someone with a disease restricting ADH production do?
drink more water
what does oestrogen do in the female menstrual cycle
thickens uterus lining
Why does someone with diabetes have a higher percentage of haemoglobin with sugar attached than an individual without diabetes?
Less insulin produced or insulin less effective
less sugar is stored as glycogen
higher blood sugar level, so more available to attach to haemoglobin
describe the function of a neurotransmitter chemical at a synapse
diffuses across the synapse
triggers an electrical signal in the next neurone
what are issues with brain research for studying diseases like parkinsons? (studying human or animal)
ethical issues with experimenting on animals
results in animals may be different to in humans
some areas of the brain are difficult to reach
its difficult to get research subjects
could further damage people with disease
