Mod 2 Physics > 2.1 Matter > Flashcards

2.1 Matter Flashcards

(63 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

What is matter?

A

Any measurable substance that forms the composition of a physical object

Matter is made up of elements, which are in turn made up of atoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three basic states of matter?

A
  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas

The state of matter depends on temperature and pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many basic elements are known?

A

118

These basic substances are called elements and are listed in the periodic table.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

An element has three main characteristics. Name them.

A
  • Consists of only one kind of atom
  • Cannot be broken down into simpler matter
  • Can exist as atoms or molecules

Examples include argon (atoms) and nitrogen (molecules).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The modern periodic table is based on whose observations?

A

Mendeleev’s observations

Elements are arranged by increasing atomic number.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the atomic number represent in the periodic table?

A

The order of elements

Elements are arranged in horizontal rows (periods) and vertical columns (groups).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Elements in the same group of the periodic table have what in common?

A

Similar chemical properties

Groups are vertical columns in the periodic table.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers

Isotopes contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What color represents gases in the color coding of matter?

A

RED

Liquids are represented by BLUE and solids by BLACK.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the background color for alkali metals in the periodic table?

A

RED

Alkali metals are found in the first column (Group) of the periodic table.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the background color for noble gases in the periodic table?

A

PINK

Noble gases are located in the eighth column (Group) of the periodic table.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is an Atom?

A

The smallest component of the element that still retains its properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Physical combination of elements & compounds.

Can be separated by physical means such as with salt water, evaporating the water leaves the salt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a compound?

A

2 or more elements joined by chemical reaction.

Can only be separated by chemical means

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is in the Nucleus?

A

Protons & Neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the electrical charges of;

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

A

Protons - Positive
Neutrons - Neutral
Electrons - Negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the mass of Protons?

A

1.67 x 10^-27

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the mass of Neutrons?

A

1.67 x 10^-27

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the mass of Electrons?

A

9.11 X 10^-31

Much lighter than Protons & Neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

If an Atom has the same number of Protons as Electrons what is its electrical charge?

A

None

No net electrical charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the 2 most simple atoms?

A

Hydrogen - 1 Proton & 1 Electron

Helium - 2 Protons, 2 Neutrons, 2 Electrons

Hydrogen is the most simple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How is each atom identifiable?

A

By the number of protons in the nucleus

## Footnote

Hydrogen has 1
Helium has 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the formula for the max amount of Electrons around an atom?

A

2n^2

Example - If an atom has 3 shells, 2(3)^2 = 18 Electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the outer shell called?

A

Valent Shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are **valence electrons**?
Electrons in the valence orbit ## Footnote They are involved in chemical bonding and interactions between atoms.
26
Atoms are most stable and least reactive when their outermost electron shell is _______.
full ## Footnote This stability is due to the lower energy state of completely filled shells.
27
What are the three types of materials based on their valence electrons?
* Conductors * Semiconductors * Insulators ## Footnote These classifications depend on how readily atoms accept or carry electrons.
28
Atoms with valence orbits that are less than half full are known as _______.
Conductors ## Footnote They tend to easily accept and carry moving electrons.
29
What are **semiconductors** made of?
Atoms with half-filled valency orbits ## Footnote They have properties between conductors and insulators.
30
Atoms with valence orbits that are more than half full tend not to _______.
accept electrons readily ## Footnote These are classified as insulators.
31
What is the **atomic number**?
Number of protons in an atom ## Footnote It uniquely identifies an element.
32
What is the **atomic mass** or **mass number**?
Total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus ## Footnote It can be represented in chemical notation.
33
What is an **isotope**?
Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers ## Footnote They differ in the number of neutrons.
34
Name two isotopes of carbon.
* Carbon-12 * Carbon-14 ## Footnote They have mass numbers of 12 and 14, respectively.
35
The chemical symbol for carbon is _______.
C ## Footnote It is derived from the Latin name for carbon.
36
True or false: The atomic mass of an isotope is the total number of protons and electrons.
FALSE ## Footnote The atomic mass is the total number of protons and neutrons.
37
Atoms with valence orbits that are more then half full are known as…?
Insulators ## Footnote Tend NOT to accept electrons readily
38
What is an Ion?
An atom or molecule with a positive or negative charge
39
What is ionisation?
The process by which an atom loses or gains electrons
40
If a Neutral atom/molecule GAINS electrons what does it become?
A Negative Ion (Anion)
41
If a Neutral atom/molecule LOSES electrons what does it become?
A Positive Ion (Cation)
42
What is a covalent bond?
2 non-metals sharing electrons ##Footnote Such as H2O
43
What occurs when an atom transfers one or more electrons to another atom in **ionic bonds**?
An atom loses electrons and forms a positive ion, while the atom gaining electrons forms a negative ion ## Footnote The atom losing electrons is usually a metallic element, and the atom gaining electrons is usually a non-metallic element.
44
What is an example of an **ionic compound**?
Salt (NaCl) ## Footnote Ionic compounds are formed from the transfer of electrons between atoms.
45
Define a **chemical compound**.
A pure substance made up from two or more different elements joined together by a chemical reaction ## Footnote The atoms in a chemical compound are difficult to separate.
46
What is a **mixture**?
A combination of at least two substances that are not chemically linked ## Footnote Each substance in a mixture retains its individual properties.
47
How can **mixtures** be separated?
By physical means ## Footnote Unlike compounds, mixtures do not require chemical reactions for separation.
48
What are the three groups of **mixtures** based on particle size?
* Solutions (e.g. sea water) * Suspensions (e.g. sand in water) * Colloids (e.g. clouds, milk) ## Footnote These categories help classify mixtures based on how their components interact.
49
What is **density**?
A measure of the amount of mass per unit volume ## Footnote Density can be measured in kg/m³ or g/cm³.
50
In which state of matter are the forces of attraction between particles the **greatest**?
Solid ## Footnote In solids, particles are packed together in a neat and ordered structure.
51
Describe the particle movement in a **solid**.
Particles vibrate about their fixed position in the structure ## Footnote They are too strongly held together for excessive movement.
52
As **thermal energy** increases in a solid, what happens to the particles?
They vibrate more vigorously due to the increase in kinetic energy ## Footnote An increase in temperature leads to increased particle movement.
53
What are the properties of a gas?
Particles are widely spaced and scattered at random Higher the temperature, the particles have more the kinetic energy. Weak forces of attraction No surface Low density
54
What are the properties of a liquid?
Close together particles but no fixed position Weak forces of attraction between particles Has a surface Takes containers shape Cannot be compressed Expands on heating
55
Is Evaporation Endothermic or Exothermic?
Endothermic (Heat is added from the surrounding) ##Footnote Molecules transition from liquid to gas Opposite of condensation
56
Is Condensation Endothermic or Exothermic?
Exothermic (Heat is given out) ##Footnote Change from Gas phase to Liquid phase On cooling, gas particles lose kinetic energy and attract to form a liquid
57
Is Melting Endothermic or Exothermic?
Endothermic ##Footnote Solid phase to liquid phase At melting point, attracting forces are too weak to hold the structure together and lose their fixed order
58
What is Sublimation?
Solid to Gas phase without passing through a Liquid phase
59
What is Deposition?
Gas to Solid phase without passing through Liquid phase
60
The greater the number of protons and neutrons the …?
Higher the atomic mass
61
The smallest unit of any material is…?
Atom
62
What holds the least thermal energy?
Solids ##Footnote Gas the most
63
Atoms can join together to form molecules by forming…?
Covalent Bonds
Mod 2 Physics
flashcards
Decks in class (5)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions