What are the 2 major groups of cells?
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
What is a Prokaryotic Cell?
Unicellular organism
Does not have nucleus
Do not have many membrane bound organelles
What is 1 example of a Prokaryotic cell?
Bacteria
What is a Eukaryotic cell?
Multicellular organisms
Has Nucleus
Has many membrane bound organelles
Name two examples of Eukaryotic cells
Skin cell
Leaf cell
What are the main features of Prokaryotic cells?
Cell wall (made of peptidoglycan)
Cell Surface Membrane
Cytoplasm
Circular ring of DNA
Ribosomes
What are features that are sometimes present in Prokaryotic cells?
Flagellum
Capsule
Mesosomes
Plasmid
Pili
What are Plasmids?
Small loops of DNA separate from main ring of DNA
What is the Slime Capsule?
Some prokaryotes are surrounded by a outer layer known as slime capsule
What is the flagellum?
Long hair-like structure that rotates
What is the function of Plasmids?
Contains genes that can be passed between prokaryotes
Such as genes for antibiotic resistance
What is the function of the Slime Capsule
To protect the bacteria from drying out or attacks from other cells
What is the function of Flagellum?
Enables movement of prokaryote
What is Pili?
Hair-like structures which attach to other bacterial cells
What are Mesosomes?
Infoldings of inner membrane which contain enzymes for respiration
What are Viruses?
Viruses are a-cellular which means that they are non-living particles
What is the structure of Virus?
Contains nucleic acid core (DNA or RNA)
Nucleic acid is enclosed within capsid (protein coat)
Attachment proteins on surface of virus to identify and attach to host cells
What groups do Eukaryotes include?
Animals
Plants
Fungi
Protists/Protoctists
What is the Cytoskeleton composed of?
Microfilaments
Microtubules
Intermediate fibres
What is the function of the Cytoskeleton?
Providing mechanical strength to cells
Aiding transport within cells
Enabling cell movement
What is function of Microfilaments?
Gives support and mechanical strength to cells
Keeps cell shape stable and allows cell movement
What are Microtubules?
They are hollow filaments made of Tubulin
They act as tracks for Motor Proteins and organelles to move them
What is the function of Intermediate Fibres?
Anchors the nucleus within cytoplasm
What is in the Structure of the nucleus?
Double Nuclear Envelope
Nuclear Pores
Nucleolus
Chromatin
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2.1.1. - Microscopy37
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2.1.2 - Biological Molecules105
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2.1.1 - Cell Structure52
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2.1.4 - Enzymes0
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2.1.5 - Biological Membranes21
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2.1.6 - Cell Division, Cell Diversity And Celluar Organisation1
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3.1.1 - Exchange Surfaces54
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3.1.2 - Transport In Animals1
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3.1.3 - Transport In Plants2
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4.1.1 - Communicable Diseases, Disease Prevention And The Immune System0
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4.2.1 - Biodiversity0
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4.2.2 - Classification And Evolution0
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5.1.1 - Communication And Homeostasis0
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5.1.2 - Excretion As An Example Of Homeostatic Control0
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5.1.2 - Excretion As An Example Of Homeostatic Control0
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5.1.3 - Neuronal Communication0
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5.1.4 - Hormonal Communication0
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5.1.5 - Plant And Animal Responses0
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5.2.1 - Photosynthesis0
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5.2.2 - Respiration0
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6.1.1 - Cellular Control0
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6.1.2 - Patterns Of Inheritance0
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6.1.3 - Manipulating Genomes0
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6.2.1 - Cloning And Biotechnology0
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6.3.1 - Ecosystems0
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6.3.2 - Populations And Sustainability0
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2.1.1 - Cell structure0
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PAG 9 - Food Tests11
