What is the primary function of the cell surface membrane?
Controls the exchange of materials between the internal cell environment and the external environment
The membrane is described as being ‘partially permeable’.
Which type of cells have a cell wall?
Plant cells
What provides structural support to the plant cell wall?
Polysaccharide cellulose
What connects the cytoplasm of neighboring plant cells?
Plasmodesmata
What are nuclear pores responsible for?
Allowing mRNA, ribosomes, enzymes, and signaling molecules to travel in and out of the nucleus
What are chromosomes made of?
Chromatin, which consists of DNA wound tightly around the protein histone
What are nucleoli?
Darkly stained regions in the nucleus that are sites of ribosome production
What is the function of mitochondria?
Site of aerobic respiration
What is the structure of mitochondria?
Surrounded by double-membrane with inner membrane folded to form cristae
What pigment gives chloroplasts their green color?
Chlorophyll
What are thylakoids in chloroplasts?
Membrane-bound compartments containing chlorophyll
Where does the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis occur?
In the thylakoids
Where does the light-independent stage (Calvin Cycle) take place?
In the stroma
What are ribosomes composed of?
Almost equal amounts of RNA and protein
What types of ribosomes are found in eukaryotic cells?
80S ribosomes, composed of 60S and 40S subunits
What is the main function of ribosomes?
Site of translation (protein synthesis)
What distinguishes Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) from Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?
RER has ribosomes on the surface, while ER does not
What is the function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Production, processing and storage of lipids, carbohydrates, and steroids
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
Modifies proteins and lipids before packaging them into Golgi vesicles
Contains cisternae which processes and packages, proteins and lipids and golgi vesicles which store and transport the proteins and lipids
What is the function of lysosomes?
Contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down waste materials and destroy pathogens
What are centrioles made of?
Hollow fibres made of microtubules
What are microtubules composed of and what’s it’s function
Made of a protein called tublin
- forms a scaffold like structure
- is a key part of the mitotic spindle used in cell division
- helps to transport vesicles and organelles within cells
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
Provides support and movement of the cell
What are microvilli?
Cell membrane projections that increase surface area
-
2.1.2 - Fundementals Of Biological Molucles13
-
2.1.2 - Molecular Building Blocks25
-
2.1.2 - Properties Of Water24
-
2.1.2 - Sugars And Carbohydrates18
-
2.1.2 - Inorganic Componds12
-
2.1.2 - Test For Biological Molecules15
-
2.1.1 - Cell Biology40
-
2.1.1 - Cell Structure36
-
2.1.1 - Organelles And The Production Of Proteins11
-
2.1.1 - The Cytoskeleton11
-
2.1.3 - Nucleotides And Phosphodiester Bonds17
-
2.1.5. - The Plasma Membrane39
-
2.3.1 - Nucleic Acids15
-
2.2 - The Cell Surface Membrane32
-
The Cell Cycle18
-
The Stages Of Mitosis11
-
The Mammalian Gas Exchange System34
-
DNA & RNA Structure - Nucleotides18
-
Phosphodiester Bonds & Sugar Phosphate Backbone6
-
The Genetic Code18
-
DNA Replication13
-
Transcription19
-
Translation18
-
Protein Structure36
-
Specilised Cells35
-
Gas Exchange In Animals30
-
Gas Exchange In Insects And Fish25
