1
Q
LABEL PICTURE Anatomy of hearing (look at 1st pic in study guide)
A
A: external auditory meatus B: cartilage C: tympanic membrane D:external E:middle F:inner ear G:malleus H:incus I: semicircular canals J: lateral K:posterior L: superior M: vestibular nerve N: facial nerve O: vestibulocochlear nerve P: cochlea Q: vestibule R: stapes S: auditory tube
2
Q
What are the 3 structures of the ear?
A
outer, middle, inner ear, auditory pathways
3
Q
The pinna is also known as the?
A
auricle
4
Q
the eardrum is also known as the?
A
tympanic membrane
5
Q
the ____ separates the middle ear from the outer ear
A
tympanic membrane
6
Q
What is the resonating cavity that contributes to hearing?
A
external auditory meatus
7
Q
What are the bones of the middle ear called?
A
ossicles
8
Q
What are the 3 parts of the ossicular chain?
A
Malleus, incus, and stapes
9
Q
Which is the largest of the ossicles?
A
malleus
10
Q
the ____ contains the three smallest bones of the body
A
middle ear
11
Q
the ____ and ____ are the two smallest muscles of the body
A
stapedius
tensor tympani
12
Q
the sensors for balance and hearing are in the ____
A
inner ear
13
Q
the _____ looks like a coiled snail shell
A
osseous cochlear labyrnith
14
Q
the ______ has 4 rows of hair cells
A
organ of corti
15
Q
what does the outer ear do?
A
collect the sound
16
Q
what does the middle ear do?
A
matching Airborn signal
17
Q
what does the inner ear do?
A
analysis of the signal
18
Q
what does the auditory pathway do?
A
carries the signal
19
Q
what does the cerebral cortex do?
A
interprets the signal
20
Q
The inner ear contains both the _____ and ____
A
vestibular and auditory mechanisms
21
Q
the ____ provides major input to the _____
A
The auditory mechanism provides major input to the proprioceptive system.
22
Q
the ____ is responsible for the sense of ones body in space
A
proprioceptive system
23
Q
Where does the initiation of electrical events occur?
A
cochlea
24
Q
What are the 4 types of hearing loss?
A
conductive
sensorineural
fluctuating
mixed
25
what are 4 causes of conductive hearing loss?
middle ear infections
perforation of the eardrum
fixation of the ossicular chain
otosclerosis
26
If you have damage to the cochlea you would have what type of hearing loss?
Sensorineural
27
What is it called when the bones of our head vibrate in response to sound waves?
Bone conduction
28
____ is when sound circumvents the ear canal and eardrum and vibrates the middle ear bones directly.
bone conduction
29
What are three factors that contribute to decreased perception?
```
.loudness
.background noise
. attention
.comprehension
.familiarity
```
30
What are three factors that contribute to hearing loss?
```
. noise exposure
.birth defect
.age
.disease
. ear infection
.accident
```
31
What is the term used to describe what happens when your brain recognizes and interprets the sounds around you?
Auditory processing
32
What are the five main problem areas associated with CAPD (central auditory processing disorder)?
```
. auditory figure-ground problems
. auditory memory problems
Auditory discrimination problems
.auditory attention problems.
.auditory cohesion problems
```
33
What are the names of the 6 cranial nerves that are important for speech and swallowing?
```
.Trigeminal V
Facial VII
.acoustic or vestibulocochelar nerve VIII
.Glossopharyngeal IX
Vagus X
Hypoglossal XII
```
34
Lobes and Structures of the brain Labeling
| (look at picture) M11
```
A. Central Sulcus
B. Frontal Lobe
C. Sylvian/Lateral Fissure
D. Temporal Lobe
E. Transverse Fissure
F. Occipital Lobe
G. Parietal Lobe
```
35
What area of the brain controls movements of the body?
primary motor cortex
36
____ controls facial neurons, speech and language comprehension. Located in left frontal lobe
Broca’s area
37
_____can comprehend speech but had decreased motor ability to speak/form words
Broca's aphasia
38
The ____ is responsible for hearing
primary auditory cortex
39
The ___ interprets the sense of smell once it reaches the cortex via olfactory bulbs
primary olfactory cortex
40
____ is for language comprehension and is located in the left temporal lobe.
Wernicke's Area
41
____ is when language comprehension is inhibited. Words and sentences are not clearly understood and sentence formulation may be inhibited or nonsensical.
Wernicke's Aphasia
42
What are the 3 general functions of the nervous system?
Sensory
intergrative
motor
43
What is the CNS composed of?
brain
| spinal cord
44
What is the PNS composed of?
peripheral nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body
45
What are some different types of dysarthria? (4)
```
flaccid.
.spastic
.ataxic
.hyperkinetic
.hypokenetic
.mixed
```
46
____ is a deficit in motor planning
apraxia
47
Cerebrovascular accidents and traumatic brain injuries can _________
cause damage to the nervous system.
48
12 pairs of cranial nerves by number / diagram
```
I. Olfactory
II Optic
III oculomotor
IV trochelar
V trigeminal
VI abducens
VII facial
VIII vestibulecochlear
IX glossopharyngeal
X Vagus
XI Spinal Accessory
XII Hypoglossal
```
49
ability to smell
. olfactory-
50
ability to see
.optic-
51
visual convergence and accommodation
.oculomotor-
52
rotates the eye down and out
.trochelar-
53
sensation to eye nose and face
.trigeminal-
54
sensations to the tongue and soft palate; muscles of the face and stapedius
.facial-
55
supplies lateral eye muscles
.abducens-
56
sensation to tonsils, pharynx, and soft palate; muscles of pharynx and stylopharyngeus
glossopharyngeal
57
sensation to ear, pharynx, larynx, viscera, muscles of pharynx larynx, tongue and smooth muscles of the vicera
vagus
58
muscles of pharynx, larynx, soft palate and neck
spinal accessory
59
strap muscles of neck, extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue
hypoglossal
60
hearing and balance
acoustic
61
: Chewing process - grinding and crushing food; Preparing food for swallowing
Mastication
62
: Swallowing the food - complex process of moving bolus (ball of food/liquid) from pharynx into esophagus
Deglutition
63
How does infant oral pharyngeal structure differ from adult?
```
.oral cavity is smaller
.larynx is elevated at birth
.velum is relatively larger
.hyoid elevated and relatively foward
.no dentition in neonate
```
64
What are the four stages of mastication and deglutition?
.oral preparatory stage (Mastication)
.oral stage (propulsion of bolus)
.pharyngeal stage (pharyngeal swallow)
.esophageal stage (esophageal transit)
65
____ is the sense of smell
Olfaction
66
What are the 5 types of taste sensed by the tongue?
```
.salty
.sweet
.sour
.bitter
.umami
```
67
____ is; No known anatomical, physiological or neurological basis for a disorder
functional
68
2 types of functional disorders
.articulation disorders
| .phonology disorders
69
____disorder is An anatomical, physiological, or neurological cause for a disorder
Organic
70
TYPE for:
.aparxia
Dysarthria
organic; Motor
71
TYPE FOR
.cleft palate/.
structural deficits due to trauma or surgery
other orofacial anomalies
organic; Structural
72
TYPE FOR
| hearing impairment
organic;
| Sensory/perceptual
73
Disorders of Speech/Language/Hearing Module
| List three treatment strategies you learned about in this module--include the population, disorder, and strategy.
Metaphon Therapy/children k-5/asd
incidental teaching/ children/asd
Functional communication training (FCT)/children/asd
74
_____ is characterized by impaired social interaction, problems with verbal and nonverbal communication, and unusual, repetitive, or severely limited activities and interests.
Autism
75
______ physical features may include a long and narrow face, large ears, flexible fingers, and large testicles.
Fragile X
76
_______ is an umbrella term describing the range of effects that can occur in an individual whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy.
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs)
77
____ is a disorder that has been associated with over thirty different features.
Velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS) i
78
Beginning in childhood individuals with ______ Start out not wanting to eat, small, when they hit childhood they are always hungry, causes those affected become constantly hungry, which often leads to obesity and type 2 diabetes
Prader Willi
79
_____ is the most common neural tube defect in the United States.
Spina Bifida
80
____is caused by abnormalities in parts of the brain that control muscle movements.
Cerebral Palsy
81
______ is a movement disorder that is chronic and progressive.
Parkinson’s disease
82
______ refers to a group of more than 30 inherited diseases that cause muscle weakness and muscle loss.
Muscular dystrophy
83
M15 More Disorders and Syndromes of Speech/Language/Hearing
List three treatment strategies you learned about in this module--include the population, disorder, and strategy.
Functional Communication Training (FCT)/ASD/children
Swallowing exercises /Cerebral Palsy/ any age
Listening Tube/Velocardiofacial Syndrome/ any age
84
Identify 1 thing that you learned from each module that you hope to retain as you become an SLPA:
Module 9: the anatomy of the ear
Module 10: the types of hearing loss
Module 11: the auditory nerves important for speech
Module 12: what Dysarthria is
Module 13: what Mastication and Deglutition are
Module 14:incidental teaching for ASD
Module 15:Muscular dystrophy refers to a group of more than 30 diseases
