what is co-evolution?
the process by which two or more species evolve in response to selection pressures imposed by each other.
during co-evolution, what effect does a change in the traits of one species have on the other species?
acts as a selection pressure on the other species.
when is co-evolution frequently seen?
in pairs of species that have symbiotic interactions.
why is symbiosis?
co-evolved intimate relationships between members of two different species.
how can the impacts of symbiotic relationships be described for the individuals involved?
positive, negative, or neurtal.
Name 3 types of symbiotic relationships.
mutualism
commensalism
parasitism
describe mutualism
both organisms in the interaction are interdependent on each other for resources or other services. as both organisms gain from the relationship, the interaction is (+/+).
describe commensalism.
only one of the organisms benefits (+/0).
describe parasitism.
the parasite benefits in terms of energy or nutrients and the host is harmed as the result of the loss of these resources (+/-).
what does the Red Queen hypothesis state?
that, in co-evolutionary relationship, change in the traits of one species acts as a selection pressure on the other species?
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2.1 Health and Safety5
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2.1 Sampling of Wild Organisms8
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2.1 Identification and Taxonomy16
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2.1 Monitoring Populations12
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2.1 Measuring and Recording Animal Behaviour10
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2.2 Drift and Selection31
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2.2 Fitness9
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2.2 Co-evolution10
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2.3 Costs and Benefits of Sexual and Asexual Reproduction25
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2.3 Meiosis21
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2.3 Sex Determination14
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2.4 Sex and Behaviour12
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2.4 Reproductive Behaviours and Mating Systems in Animals19
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2.5 Niche5
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2.5 The Parasite Niche7
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2.5 Parasitic Life Cycles28
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2.5 Transmission and Virulence10
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2.5 Defence against Parasitic Attack23
