1
Q
Network devices
A
- Many different devices and components
– All have different roles - Some of these functions are combined together
– Wireless router/switch/firewall - Compare different devices
– Understand when they should be used
2
Q
Routers
A
- Routes traffic between IP subnets
– Makes forwarding decisions based on IP address
– Routers inside of switches sometimes called
“layer 3 switches” - Often connects diverse network types
– LAN, WAN, copper, fiber
3
Q
- Many different devices and components
– All have different roles - Some of these functions are combined together
– Wireless router/switch/firewall - Compare different devices
– Understand when they should be used
A
Network devices
4
Q
- Routes traffic between IP subnets
– Makes forwarding decisions based on IP address
– Routers inside of switches sometimes called
“layer 3 switches” - Often connects diverse network types
– LAN, WAN, copper, fiber
A
Routers
5
Q
Switches
A
- Bridging done in hardware
– Application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)
– Forwards traffic based on data link address - Many ports and features
– The core of an enterprise network
– May provide Power over Ethernet (PoE) - Multilayer switch
– Includes routing functionality
6
Q
Unmanaged switches
A
- Very few configuration options
– Plug and play - Fixed configuration
– No VLANs - Very little integration with other devices
– No management protocols - Low price point
– Simple is less expensive
7
Q
- Bridging done in hardware
– Application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)
– Forwards traffic based on data link address - Many ports and features
– The core of an enterprise network
– May provide Power over Ethernet (PoE) - Multilayer switch
– Includes routing functionality
A
Switches
8
Q
- Very few configuration options
– Plug and play - Fixed configuration
– No VLANs - Very little integration with other devices
– No management protocols - Low price point
– Simple is less expensive
A
Unmanaged switches
9
Q
Managed switches
A
- VLAN support
– Interconnect with other switches via 802.1Q - Traffic prioritization
– Voice traffic gets a higher priority - Redundancy support
– Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) - Port mirroring
– Capture packets - External management
– Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
10
Q
Access point
A
- Not a wireless router
– A wireless router is a router and an access point
in a single device
– Extends the wired network onto the wireless network – Makes forwarding decisions based on MAC (Media Access Control) address
11
Q
- Not a wireless router
– A wireless router is a router and an access point
in a single device
– Extends the wired network onto the wireless network – Makes forwarding decisions based on MAC address
A
Access point
12
Q
- VLAN support
– Interconnect with other switches via 802.1Q - Traffic prioritization
– Voice traffic gets a higher priority - Redundancy support
– Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) - Port mirroring
– Capture packets - External management
– Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
A
Managed switches
13
Q
Patch Panels
A
- Combination of punch-down blocks and RJ-45 connectors
- Runs from desks are made once
– Permanently punched down to patch panel - Patch panel to switch can be easily changed – No special tools
– Use existing cables
14
Q
Firewalls
A
- Filters traffic by port number
– OSI layer 4 (TCP/UDP)
– Some firewalls can filter based on the application - Can encrypt traffic into/out of the network
– Protect your traffic between sites - Can proxy traffic
– A common security technique - Most firewalls can be layer 3 devices (routers)
– Usually sits on the ingress/egress of the network
15
Q
- Filters traffic by port number
– OSI layer 4 (TCP/UDP)
– Some firewalls can filter based on the application - Can encrypt traffic into/out of the network – Protect your traffic between sites
- Can proxy traffic
– A common security technique - Most firewalls can be layer 3 devices (routers)
– Usually sits on the ingress/egress of the network
A
Firewalls
16
Q
- Combination of punch-down blocks and RJ-45 connectors
- Runs from desks are made once
– Permanently punched down to patch panel - Patch panel to switch can be easily changed – No special tools
– Use existing cables
A
Patch Panels
17
Q
Power over Ethernet (PoE)
A
- Power provided on an Ethernet cable
– One wire for both network and electricity
– Phones, cameras, wireless access points
– Useful in difficult-to-power areas - Power provided at the switch
– Built-in power - Endspans
– In-line power injector - Midspans
18
Q
PoE switch
A
- Power over Ethernet
– Commonly marked on the switch or interfaces
19
Q
- Power provided on an Ethernet cable
– One wire for both network and electricity
– Phones, cameras, wireless access points
– Useful in difficult-to-power areas - Power provided at the switch
– Built-in power - Endspans
– In-line power injector - Midspans
A
Power over Ethernet (PoE)
20
Q
- Power over Ethernet
– Commonly marked on the switch or interfaces
A
PoE switch
21
Q
PoE, PoE+, PoE++
A
- PoE: IEEE 802.3af-2003
– The original PoE specification
– Now part of the 802.3 standard
– 15.4 watts DC power, 350 mA max current - PoE+: IEEE 802.3at-2009
– Now also part of the 802.3 standard
– 25.5 watts DC power, 600 mA max current - PoE++: IEEE 802.3bt-2018
– 51 W (Type 3), 600 mA max current
– 71.3 W (Type 4), 960 mA max current
– PoE with 10GBASE-T
22
Q
Hub
A
- “Multi-port repeater”
– Traffic going in one port is repeated to
every other port - Everything is half-duplex
- Becomes less efficient as network traffic increases
- 10 megabit / 100 megabit
- Difficult to find today
23
Q
- PoE: IEEE 802.3af-2003
– The original PoE specification
– Now part of the 802.3 standard
– 15.4 watts DC power, 350 mA max current - PoE+: IEEE 802.3at-2009
– Now also part of the 802.3 standard
– 25.5 watts DC power, 600 mA max current - PoE++: IEEE 802.3bt-2018
– 51 W (Type 3), 600 mA max current
– 71.3 W (Type 4), 960 mA max current
– PoE with 10GBASE-T
A
PoE, PoE+, PoE++
24
Q
- “Multi-port repeater”
– Traffic going in one port is repeated to
every other port - Everything is half-duplex
- Becomes less efficient as network traffic increases
- 10 megabit / 100 megabit
- Difficult to find today
A
Hub
25
Cable modem
* Broadband
– Transmission across multiple frequencies – Different traffic types
* Data on the “cable” network
– DOCSIS (Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification)
* High-speed networking
– Speeds up to 1 Gigabit/s are available
* Multiple services
– Data, voice, video
26
DSL modem
* ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)
– Uses telephone lines
* Download speed is faster than the upload
speed (asymmetric)
– ~10,000 foot limitation from the central office (CO)
– 52 Mbit/s downstream / 16 Mbit/s upstream are
common
– Faster speeds may be possible if closer to the CO
27
ONT
* Optical network terminal
– Fiber to the premises
* Connect the ISP fiber network to the copper network
– Demarcation point (demarc) in the data center
– Terminal box on the side of the building
* Line of responsibility
– One side of the box is the ISP
– Other side of the box is your network
ISP = Internet Service Provider
28
Network Interface Card (NIC)
* The fundamental network device
– Every device on the network has a NIC
– Computers, servers, printers, routers, switches,
phones, tablets, cameras, etc.
* Specific to the network type
– Ethernet, WAN, wireless, etc.
* Often built-in to the motherboard
– Or added as an expansion card
* Many options - Single port, multi-port, copper, fiber
29
SDN (Software Defined Networking)
* Networking devices have different functional planes of operation
– Data, control, and management planes
* Split the functions into separate logical units
– Extend the functionality and management
of a single device
– Perfectly built for the cloud
* Infrastructure layer / Data plane
– Process the network frames and packets
– Forwarding, trunking, encrypting, NAT
* Control layer / Control plane
– Manages the actions of the data plane
– Routing tables, session tables, NAT tables
– Dynamic routing protocol updates
* Application layer / Management plane – Configure and manage the device
– SSH, browser, API
30
* Networking devices have different functional planes of operation
– Data, control, and management planes
* Split the functions into separate logical units
– Extend the functionality and management
of a single device
– Perfectly built for the cloud
* Infrastructure layer / Data plane
– Process the network frames and packets
– Forwarding, trunking, encrypting, NAT
* Control layer / Control plane
– Manages the actions of the data plane
– Routing tables, session tables, NAT tables
– Dynamic routing protocol updates
* Application layer / Management plane
– Configure and manage the device
– SSH, browser, API
SDN (Software Defined Networking)
31
* The fundamental network device
– Every device on the network has a NIC
– Computers, servers, printers, routers, switches,
phones, tablets, cameras, etc.
* Specific to the network type
– Ethernet, WAN, wireless, etc.
* Often built-in to the motherboard
– Or added as an expansion card
* Many options - Single port, multi-port, copper, fiber
Network Interface Card (NIC)
32
* Optical network terminal – Fiber to the premises
* Connect the ISP fiber network to the copper network – Demarcation point (demarc) in the data center
– Terminal box on the side of the building
* Line of responsibility
– One side of the box is the ISP
– Other side of the box is your network
ONT
33
* ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)
– Uses telephone lines
* Download speed is faster than the upload
speed (asymmetric)
– ~10,000 foot limitation from the central office (CO)
– 52 Mbit/s downstream / 16 Mbit/s upstream are
common
– Faster speeds may be possible if closer to the CO
DSL modem
34
* Broadband
– Transmission across multiple frequencies
– Different traffic types
* Data on the “cable” network
– DOCSIS (Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification)
* High-speed networking
– Speeds up to 1 Gigabit/s are available
* Multiple services
– Data, voice, video
Cable modem
CompTIA A+ 1101
flashcards
Decks in class (10)
# Cards
-
2.1 Common Network Ports35
-
2.2 Network Devices34
-
2.1 Intro to IP13
-
2.3-Wireless Network Standards12
-
1.1 Laptop Hardware11
-
2.4 Network Services34
-
2.5 IPv4 & IPv6, Assigning IP Addresses30
-
2.6 DNS Configuration, DHCP Configuration, VLANs & VPNs38
-
2.7 Internet Connection Types, Network Types0
-
Acronyms163
