A - MSRA ENT [6] > [22] Sialadenitis > Flashcards

[22] Sialadenitis Flashcards

(20 cards)

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1
Q

What is sialadenitis?

A

Inflammation of the salivary glands

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2
Q

What salivary gland is most commonly affected by sialadenitis?

A

Parotid gland

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3
Q

What are the less commonly affected salivary glands in sialadenitis?

A

Submandibular then sublingual

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4
Q

How can sialadenitis be further classified?

A
  • Acute

- Chronic

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5
Q

What are the causes of sialadenitis?

A
  • Cancer
  • Autoimmune conditions
  • Viral and bacterial infections
  • Idiopathic
  • Stones
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6
Q

What autoimmune conditions can cause sialadenitis?

A
  • Sjögren’s syndrome
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s)
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7
Q

Which type of pathogen is more likely to cause sialadenitis?

A

Viral infection

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8
Q

What is the most common viral infection causing sialadenitis?

A

Mumps

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9
Q

What glands does mumps affect?

A

Parotid and submandibular

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10
Q

What other viruses can cause sialadenitis?

A
  • HIV
  • Coxsackie
  • Parainfluenza
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11
Q

What are the common bacterial causes of sialadenitis?

A
  • S. aureus
  • S. pyogenes
  • S. viridans
  • H. influenzae
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12
Q

What are the risk factors for sialadenitis?

A
  • Aged 50-60
  • Chronically ill with xerostomia
  • Sjogren’s syndrome
  • Anorexia
  • Immunosuppression
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13
Q

What are the symptoms of sialadenitis?

A
  • Fever
  • Chills
  • Unilateral pain and swelling
  • Firm and diffusely tender gland
  • Erythema and oedema of overlying skin
  • Pus can often be expressed
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14
Q

What investigations can be made in sialadenitis?

A
  • Culture and sensitivities from exudate
  • FBC
  • Facial radiographs
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15
Q

Why may facial radiographs be useful in sialadenitis?

A

To detect stones

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16
Q

What are the differentials for sialadenitis?

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A
  • Mumps
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Tuberculosis
  • Parotid and submandibular tumours
  • Dental abscess
  • Ludwig’s angina
17
Q

How should acute attacks of sialadenitis be managed?

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A
  • Hydration
  • Analgesics
  • Sialogoues to stimulate salivation
  • Gentle gland massage
18
Q

How should infected sialadenitis be treated?

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A

With empirical antibiotic therapy

19
Q

How should sialadenitis be managed if there are more than 3 attacks in a year?

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A

Surgical excision of the affected gland can be considered

20
Q

What are the potential complications of sialadenitis?

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A
  • Abscess

- Dental decay

A - MSRA ENT [6]
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