2.3 Nucleic Acids

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

• deoxyribonucleic acid
• makes up genetic material in cells
• codes for proteins

Question 2

nucleotide

Answer 2

monomer of DNA of a nucleic acid

Question 3

amino acid

Answer 3

monomer of a protein

Question 4

nucleotide components/structure

Answer 4

• phosphate group
• sugar group
• nitrogenous base

Question 5

DNA nitrogenous bases

Answer 5

• Thymine
• Cytosine
• Guanine
• Adenine

Question 6

RNA nitrogenous bases

Answer 6

• Uracil
• Guanine
• Cytosine
• Adenine

Question 7

what is the backbone in a DNA molecule called

Answer 7

Phosphate backbone

Question 8

how do 2 strands of DNA bond together?

Answer 8

through complementary base pairing

C-G T-A

Question 9

How many hydrogen bonds do C-G form?

Answer 9

3

Question 10

How many hydrogen bonds do T-A form?

Answer 10

2

Question 11

Anti parallel DNA strands

Answer 11

when one strand of DNA goes up, the other goes down

Question 12

Purines

Answer 12

have 2 carbon rings

Adenine
Guanine

Question 13

Pyrimidines

Answer 13

have one carbon ring

Thymine
Uracil
Cytosine

Question 14

DNA structure

Answer 14

2 strands
T-A C-G
Deoxyribose

Question 15

RNA structure

Answer 15

1 strand
U-A C-G
Ribose

Question 16

DNA replication step 1

Answer 16

1. Helix unwinds
   Helix unzips
   Hydrogen bonds break

Question 17

DNA replication step 2

Answer 17

2. Strands act as templates

Complimentary free flowing nucleotides

Question 18

DNA replication step 3

Answer 18

3. Joined by DNA polymerase
   Hydrogen bonds reform
   Sugar-phosphate backbone reforms
   Covalent bonds

Question 19

DNA replication step 4

Answer 19

4. Semi-conservative

Question 20

Enzyme which joins nucleotides of new strand

Answer 20

DNA polymerase

Question 21

Semi-conservative

Answer 21

has one old strand, one new strand

Question 22

3 theories how DNA replicates

Answer 22

Conservative
Semi-conservative
Dispersive

Question 23

Dispersive DNA replication

Answer 23

one protein has all old strands

another protein has all new strands

Question 24

Conservative DNA replication

Answer 24

all DNA strands reform from old strands

Question 25

semi-conservative replication experiment

Answer 25

- first experiment = N15 - 2nd experient= N14/15 - 3rd experiement= 1/2 N14/15 1/2 N14 - 4th experiment= 25% N14/15 75% N14

Question 26

DNA

Answer 26

- Gene codes for a protein - proteins made from amino acids - 3 bases (triplet) = 1 amino acid

Question 27

Transcription protein synthesis

Answer 27

- DNA unwinds and unzips - mRNA attached to DNA (complementary base pairing) - used as a template - RNA moves out of nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm

Question 28

Translation protein synthesis

Answer 28

- mRNA attaches to a ribosome where it is read by tRNA | - tRNA brings the correct amino acids to fit the triplets creating a protein to join together by peptide bonds

Question 29

Structure of a DNA nucleotide

Answer 29

- Phosphate - Deoxyribose sugar - Nitrogenous base

Question 30

Structural differences between DNA and RNA

Answer 30

RNA has: - 1 strand - Base: Uracil - Ribose sugar DNA has: - 2 strands - Base: Thymine - Deoxyribose sugar

Question 31

polymer of nucleotides

Answer 31

nucleic acid