23) Progressive Movement

Question 1

Progressives Overview

Answer 1

• Progressive leaders were primarily middle-class reformers concerned with urban and consumer issues
• Reformers believed that government should be used to ameliorate social problems
• Wanted to use government power to regulate industrial production and improve labor conditions
• Rejected Social Darwinism

Question 2

Progressive Goal - Democratization of the Political Process

Answer 2

1. Direct election of senators

2. Women’s suffrage

Question 3

Progressive Goal - Reform of Local Governments

Answer 3

1. Initiative, recall, and referendum - ways to make local governments more responsive to public opinion
2. Commission or city-manager forms of government to make local governments more professional
3. Nonpartisan local governments to weaken political machines

Question 4

Progressive Goal - Regulation of Big Business

Answer 4

1. Passage of child labor laws
2. Passage of antitrust legislation
3. Passage of Pure Food and Drug Act

Question 5

Progressive Constitutional Amendments

Answer 5

• 16th Amendment: Congress power to lay and collect income taxes
• 17th Amendment: Senators shall be elected by popular vote
• 18th Amendment: Prohibition
• 19th Amendment: Women’s Suffrage

Question 6

16th Amendment (1913)

Answer 6

• Established Congress’s right to impose a Federal Income Tax
• Designed to relieve the poor of a disproportionate burden in funding the federal government and make the wealthy pay for a greater share of the nation’s tax burden

Question 7

17th Amendment (1913)

Answer 7

• Allowed voters to cast direct votes for Senators (prior, senators were chosen by state legislatures)

Question 8

18th Amendment (1920)

Answer 8

• Prohibition

Question 9

19th Amendment (1920)

Answer 9

• Women’s right to vote

Question 10

What did Teddy Roosevelt Reform Initiatives address?

Answer 10

• Conservation of natural resources and wildlife
• Unsanitary conditions in meatpacking industry
• Monopolization and consolidation of the railroad industry
• Unsafe drug products

Question 11

What did Woodrow Wilson Reform Initiatives address?

Answer 11

• Launched an all-out assault on high tariffs, banking problems, and trusts
• Supported the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 : established a system of district bank by a central board

Question 12

Muckrackers

Answer 12

• Investigative reporters who promoted social and political reforms by exposing corruption and urban problems
• Leading critics of urban bosses and corporate robber barons
• Rise of mass-circulation newspapers and magazines enabled muckrakers to reach a large audience

Question 13

State and Local Reforms

Answer 13

• Many states enacted the initiative, referendum, and recall

- Several states enacted legislation that would undermine the power of the political machine

Question 14

Jane Addams

Answer 14

• Founded the Hull House in Chicago (settlement house)
• Hull house and other settlement houses were dedicated to helping the urban poor
• Settlement-house workers established day nurseries for working mothers, published reports condemning deplorable housing conditions, and taught literacy classes

Question 15

Women’s Christian Temperance Union

Answer 15

• Successfully convinced many women that they had a moral responsibility to improve society by working for prohibition

Question 16

Dorothea Dix

Answer 16

• Worked tirelessly on behalf of the mentally ill

Question 17

Ida B. Well-Barnett

Answer 17

• African American civil rights advocate
• Early women’s rights advocate
• Noted for her opposition to lynching

Question 18

Other women’s reform issues

Answer 18

• Passage of child labor legislation at the state level

- Campaigns to limit the working hours of women and children

Question 19

Women were most likely to work outside their homes in what occupations?

Answer 19

• Domestic servants
• Garment workers
• Teachers
• Cigar makers

Question 20

Women were least likely to work outside their homes in what occupations?

Answer 20

• Physicians

- Lawyers

Question 21

Initiative (in legislative process)

Answer 21

• A means by which a petition signed by a requisite number of voters can be presented as an electoral measure to the people as a whole

Question 22

Recall (in legislative process)

Answer 22

• Allows voters to removed an elected government official from office with whom they are displeased
• Reformers championed the recall as a means of removing corrupt officials

Question 23

Referendum (in legislative process)

Answer 23

• Allows voters to directly cast ballots on proposed laws

Question 24

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory

Answer 24

• 146 factor workers (all women) died as a result of the fire