25.4 Directing Groups

Question 1

What is formed when phenol reacts with nitric acid?

Answer 1

2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol

Question 2

What is meant when a group activates a benzene ring?

Answer 2

Makes it more reactive towards further chemical reactions, more ready to react with electrophiles

Question 3

What is a directing group?

Answer 3

A substitutent molecule or ion that facilitates reactions by interacting with a reagent

Question 4

What are the 2 key types of directing groups in benzene?

Answer 4

2,4-directing and 3-directing

Question 5

How can you tell if a group is 2,4-directing?

Answer 5

Atom bonded to the benzene will have a lone pair of electrons

Question 6

Which groups are 2,4-directing?

Answer 6

-NH2, -NHR, -OH, -R, -C6H5, halogens

Question 7

Are 3-directing groups deactivating or activating?

Answer 7

Deactivating