27.1 amines

Question 1

what is an amine?

Answer 1

when one or more hydrogen atoms in ammonia has been replaced by a carbon chain or ring

Question 2

what is an aliphatic amine?

Answer 2

nitrogen atoms is attached to at least one straight or branched carbon chain

Question 3

what is an aromatic amine?

Answer 3

nitrogen atoms is attached to an aromatic ring

Question 4

what is a primary amine?

Answer 4

nitrogen atom is attached to two hydrogens and one alkyl group

Question 5

what is a secondary amine?

Answer 5

nitrogen atom is attached to one hydrogen and two alkyl groups

Question 6

what is a tertiary amine?

Answer 6

nitrogen atom is attached to three alkyl groups and no hydrogens

Question 7

how do you name a primary amine with the -NH2 group on the end of the chain?

Answer 7

add suffix -amine to the name of the alkyl chain
eg. methylamine

Question 8

how do you name a primary amine with amine group on any other carbon that isn’t carbon-1 on the chain?

Answer 8

use prefix amino- and a number to indicate position of amine group on chain

Question 9

how do you name secondary/ tertiary amines containing the same alkyl group?

Answer 9

prefix di/tri to indicate number of alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom

Question 10

how do you name two or more different groups attached to a nitrogen atom?

Answer 10

compound is named as a N-substituted derivative of the larger group

Question 11

what do amines act as?

Answer 11

bases

Question 12

why do amines act as bases?

Answer 12

lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom can accept a proton

Question 13

what happens when amine accepts a proton?

Answer 13

a dative covalent bond is formed between the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom and the proton

Question 14

what do amines do to acids?

Answer 14

neutralise them to make ammonium salts

Question 15

what does the lone pair of electrons on nitrogen atom of ammonia do?

Answer 15

allows ammonia to act as a nucleophile in a substitution reaction with a haloalkane

Question 16

what will adding NaOH to an ammonium salt produce?

Answer 16

converts it back to an amine

Question 17

what can primary amines be formed by?

Answer 17

nucleophilic substitution between haloalkanes and ammonia

Question 18

what are the conditions needed to form a primary amine?

Answer 18

excess ammonia dissolved in ethanol is reagent

Question 19

why is ethanol needed to form a primary amine?

Answer 19

prevents any substitution of the haloalkane by water to produce alcohols

Question 20

why is an excess of ammonia used to form a primary amine?

Answer 20

reduces further substitution of the amine group to form secondary or tertiary amines
maximises the amount of primary amine formed

Question 21

what does a reaction between a primary amine and a haloalkane form?

Answer 21

a secondary amine

Question 22

what does a reaction between a secondary amine and a haloalkane form?

Answer 22

tertiary amine

Question 23

how is phenylamine made?

Answer 23

reduction of nitrobenzene

Question 24

what are the conditions of the reduction of nitrobenzene?

Answer 24

heating under reflux
tin and HCl

Question 25

what does the reduction of nitrobenzene produce?

Answer 25

ammonium salt phenylammonium chloride then react with excess NaOH to produce phenylamine