2.8-?

Question 1

Federal Judiciary

Answer 1

the branch of the federal government that interprets the laws of the nation.

Question 2

Supreme Court

Answer 2

the highest level of the federal judiciary, which was established in Article III of the Constitution and serves as the highest court in the nation.

Question 3

Federalist 78

Answer 3

argument by Alexander Hamilton that the federal judiciary would be unlikely to infringe upon rights and liberties but would serve as a check on the other two branches.

Question 4

Caperton V. Massey Coal

Question 5

District Courts

Answer 5

the lowest level of the federal judiciary; these courts usually have original jurisdiction in cases that start at the federal level.

Question 6

Court of Appeals

Answer 6

the middle level of the federal judiciary; these courts review and hear appeals from the federal district courts.

Question 7

Judiciary Act of 1801

Question 8

Marbury v. Madison

Question 9

Judicial Review

Answer 9

the authority of the Supreme Court to strike down a law or executive action if it conflicts with the Constitution.

Question 10

Dread Scott

Question 11

Criminal Law

Answer 11

a category of law covering actions determined to harm the community itself.

Question 12

Civil Law

Answer 12

a category of law covering cases involving private rights and relationships between individuals and groups.

Question 13

Stare Decisis

Answer 13

the practice of letting a previous legal decision stand.

Question 14

Majority Opinion

Answer 14

binding Supreme Court opinions, which serve as precedent for future cases.

Question 15

Concurring Opinion (concurrence)

Answer 15

an opinion that agrees with the majority decision, offering different or additional reasoning that does not serve as precedent.

Question 16

Dissenting Opinion

Answer 16

an opinion that disagrees with the majority opinion and does not serve as precedent.

Question 17

Judicial Restraint

Answer 17

a philosophy of constitutional interpretation that asserts justices should be cautious in overturning laws.

Question 18

Judicial Activism

Answer 18

a philosophy of constitutional interpretation that justices should wield the power of judicial review, sometimes creating bold new policies.

Question 19

Worcester v. Georgia

Question 20

Brown v. Board

Question 21

Life Terms

Question 22

Code of Ethics

Question 23

Recusal

Question 24

Judicial Impeachment

Question 25

Patronage

Answer 25

filling administrative positions as a reward for support, rather than solely on merit.

Question 26

Bureaucrats

Answer 26

an official employed within a government bureaucracy.

Question 27

Pendleton Act

Answer 27

an act of Congress that created the first United States Civil Service Commission to draw up and enforce rules on hiring, promotion, and tenure of office within the civil service. Also known as Civil Service Reform Act of 1883.

Question 28

Federal Civil Service

Answer 28

the merit-based bureaucracy, excluding the armed forces and political appointments.

Question 29

Merit System

Answer 29

a system of hiring and promotion based on competitive testing results, education, and other qualifications rather than politics and personal connections.

Question 30

Iron Triangle

Question 31

Issue Network

Question 32

Implementation

Answer 32

the bureaucracy’s role in putting into action the laws that Congress has passed.

Question 33

Bureaucratic Discretion

Answer 33

the power to decide how a law is implemented and, at times, what Congress actually meant when it passed a given law.

Question 34

Chevron USA v. Natural Resources Defense Council

Question 35

Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo

Question 36

Regulation

Answer 36

the process through which the federal bureaucracy makes rules that have the force of law, to carry out the laws passed by Congress.

Question 37

Bureaucratic Adjudication

Answer 37

when the federal bureaucracy settles disputes between parties that arise over the implementation of federal laws or determines which individuals or groups are covered under a regulation or program.

Question 38

Oversight

Question 39

GAO

Question 40

Michigan v. EPA (2015)