What is Catabolism?
It is the process where molecules break apart for energy.
What is the process of Protein Catabolism?
- An amine group is removed and becomes waste
- The rest of the protein molecule is converted into numerous components for Glycolysis & Krebs Cycle
- Its energy can be converted to ATP
What is the catabolism process of lipids
- The Lipids get converted in Glycerol + Fatty Acids
- The Glycerol converts into Glucose (gluconeogenesis)
OR is changed into DHAP or G3P in glycolysis - The Fatty Acids are broken into 2 Carbons and made into acetyl-coA (Krebs cycle)
Are Lipids Aerobic or Anaerobic?
Aerobic
What is gluconeogenesis?
It is the process of converting glycerol (from lipids) into glucose
Are proteins anaerobic or aerobic?
Aerobic
Are lipids anaerobic or aerobic?
Aerobic
Is fermentation anaerobic or aerobic?
anaerobic
What is the function of Fermentation?
It allows ATP production in glycolysis w/o oxygen
- It allows NAD to regenerate by transferring (H) electrons from NADH to organic molecules (basically removing the H and getting back that NAD)
What are the (2) types of fermentation?
- Alcohol Fermentation
- Lactate Fermentation
Where does alcohol fermentation occur?
Yeast & some bacteria
What is the process of alcohol fermentation?
(Recall: Glycolysis converts Glucose into 2 pyruvates, 2 ATP, 2 NADH)
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1. The pyruvate is decarboxylated and forms acetaldehyde + CO2
2. Acetaldehyde then oxidizes NADH into NAD, producing ethanol
What is the process of Lactate Fermentation?
Pyruvate directly oxidizes NADH into NAD, which produces lactate.
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- The NAD returns back to glycolysis and cycle repeats.
What are some applications of alcohol fermentation?
- Overripe fruits
- Bread Making (CO2 makes bread rise & ethanol evaporates)
- Winemaking/brewing
Where does lactate fermentation occur?
Some bacteria, human muscle cells
Explain lactate fermentation in muscles?
- during heavy exercise, oxygen isn’t delivered properly
- Lactate builds up in muscle tissue
- Once oxygen levels recover, lactate is reconverted into pyruvate and continues to the Krebs cycle
Applications of lactate fermentation
- making yogurt, cheese, pickles
What is Lactate Threshold
It is the point where lactate builds up faster than it can transport out to the liver
What is Oxygen dept? (Lactate fermentation)
It is when the extra oxygen that is needed post exercise to break down lactate & restore ATP levels
What is training? (Lactate Fermentation)
It is training the lactate threshold, raising in endurance
What is VO2 MAX?
It measures the max volume of oxygen that the cells of the body can take from blood (per kg, per min)
How can VO2 max be improved?
Through exercise training, oxygen delivery can be improved by increasing blood circulation
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2.1 Metabolism & Energy15
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2.2 Energy of The Cell13
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2.3 Enzymes & Activation Energy6
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2.3 Food As Energy‼️11
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2.4 Intro To Cellular Respiration15
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2.8 Alternative Pathways22
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2.9 Photosynthesis18
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2.7 Electron Transport Chain10
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2.10 Light Dependent Reactions22
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2.11 Light independent Reaction8
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2.5-2.6 Glycolysis/pyruvate/citric Acid11
