2.9. Immunity

Question 1

Name 3 lymphoid organs and their location

Answer 1

1. Thymus- chest
2. Tonsils- throat
3. Lymph nodes- neck, armpit, chest, abdomen, groin

Question 2

What occurs in the bone marrow?

Answer 2

Erythropoiesis (RBC production)

Question 3

What is the 1st line of defence in innate/nonspecific defence?

Answer 3

• Skin
• Mucosa
• Secretions of the skin and mucous membranes

Question 4

What is the 2nd line of defence in innate/nonspecific defence?

Answer 4

• Phagocytic cells
• Natural killer cells
• Antimicrobial proteins
• Inflammatory response
• Fever

Question 5

Describe innate/nonspecific defence

Answer 5

• Cells are not specific
• They are ‘feverishly fast’: act within minutes and cause fever
• They have no memory
• These include some surface membrane barriers
• We’re born with innate defences

Question 6

What is the 3rd line of defence in adaptive/specific defence?

Answer 6

• Lymphocytes
• Antibodies
• Macrophages and other antigen-presenting cells

Question 7

What type of cells are natural killer cells?

Where are they based and how do they work?

Answer 7

• Lymphocyte
• Found in blood and lymph
• Release cytotoxic enzymes which degrade target cell contents. The target cell then goes through apoptosis (programmed cell death)

Question 8

4 signs of inflammation

Answer 8

1. Redness
2. Heat
3. Pain
4. Swelling (oedema)