Criteria for developmental disability
- Occured prior to adulthood
- Substantial impairment
- Expected to continue indefinitely
Diagnosis of intellectual disability requires what two factors
- Limited intellectual functioning (IQ<70 or 2 SD below the norm)
- Significant limitations in adaptive behavior
Predisposing factors for ID
- 30-40% no clear etiology
- Clear etiology –> more severe ID
- Genetic and environmental etiologies
What are the 4 different recognized categories for ID
mild, moderate, severe, profound
Most people with ID are (mild, moderate, severe, profound )
mild (85%
Fragile X
Common cause of ID
-More common and severe in males
Cerebral palsy
- 2/3rds of people have ID (other 1/3rd= average or above average intelligence)
- Non-inherited and non-progressive
- Caused by damage to brain before, during, shortly after birth
- Faulty development of motor areas
three types of CP are
- Spastic **most common* tense contractions of muscles
- Athetoid= uncontrolled movements of head, limbs and eyes
- Ataxic= poor balance (falls= frequent)
What is the most common secondary disability of people with ID
seizures
Oral issues more common in people with CP are
- Perio disease (poor hygiene)
- Malocclusion (open bite- tongue thrust)
- Bruxism (uncontrolled mvoements)
- Chewing and swallowing issues
- Facial trauma
- Hyperactive gag reflec
- Sialorrhea
Down syndrome
- Trisomy 21
- Common genetic cause of ID
Major reason for shortened lifespan in people with DS
Congenital heart defects (present in 40-50%)
Atlantoaxial instability is seen in _% of DS patients and can lead to
10-30% –> spinal cord compression
Patients with DS are at 10x higher risk of developing
leukemia (AML)
_ % of patients with DS will have alzheimers by 60
50%
What percents of people with DS have mental illness and seizures
30%…. 5-10%
Dental issues assoc. with DS
- Easly and destructive periodontitis
- Malocclusion
- High vaulted palate
- Delayed tooth eruption
- Hypodontia
- Anodontia
- Macroglossia
