30. Applications 2 - Detecting differences in Peoples DNA

Question 1

what is genetic variation

Answer 1

the difference in DNA sequences betweetn populations

Question 2

what are the four sources of genetic variation?

Answer 2

1. single nucleotide polymorphysm (SNP)
2. insertion and deletions (indels)
3. translocations
4. variable number tandem repeat regions (VNTR)

Question 3

what are SNPs?

Answer 3

where one nucleotide is replaced by another

Question 4

what are translocations

Answer 4

a chromosome abnormality caused by rearrangment of non homologous chromosomes

Question 5

what are variable number tandem repeats (VNTR)

Answer 5

where a short nucleotide sequence is organsied as a tandem repeat

Question 6

what are three detection methods for genetic variation?

Answer 6

1. southern blotting
2. FISH
   PCR

Question 7

name two thingsthat southern blotting does

Answer 7

1. detection of a specifc DNA sequence
2. DNA is analysed in a southern blot (RNA in a northern)

Question 8

what does FISH do to analyse genetic variation? 2 points

Answer 8

1. visualise the map of the genetic material in invdividual chromsomes
2. uses probes that match the gene of interest - labelled with fluorescent dye

Question 9

what does PCR do to detect genetic variation?

Answer 9

amplifies the gene of interest