3.0 Hardware

Question 1

CAD/CAM workstation

Answer 1

(CAD)Computer Aided Design /(CAM)Computer Aided Manufacturing 
Requiments:
• SSD
• High-speed storage
• High-end video
• Complex graphics
• Maximum RAM
• Significant memory use

Question 2

VDI client

Answer 2

VDI (Virtual Desktop Infrastructure) clients display applications that are
running on other servers, and it’s very common to run VDI clients on thin
clients or other minimally-configured systems.

Question 3

NAS

Answer 3

A NAS (Network Attached Storage) server requires plenty of storage and
high-speed networking, but does not require advanced video functionality.

Question 4

Thin client

Answer 4

A thin client is a computer with the minimum hardware resources
required to perform a remote desktop or remote control function. The
applications used on a thin client are run on a remote server, so the local
device does not require any high-end components.

Question 5

DVD-ROM

Answer 5

The DVD-ROM (Digital Versatile Disc - Read Only Memory) format
has the advantage of a relatively large storage area and the ability to
write once and never worry about an accidental deletion. The storage of
documents and other files is a common use of DVD-ROM optical discs.

Question 6

KVM

Answer 6

• Keyboard, Video and Mouse

* Use many computers with a single keyboard, video display, and mouse

Question 7

Graphics workstations

Answer 7

• Computer Aided Design (CAD) /
• Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
• SSD
• High-speed storage
• High-end video
• Complex graphics
• Maximum RAM
• Significant memory use
Audio/Video editing workstation

Question 8

Audio/Video editing workstation

Answer 8

• Specialized audio and video card
• High quality audio
• Powerful video
• Large fast hard drive
• Constant disk writes
• SSD
• Dual monitors
• Edit in one monitor, view output in the other

Question 9

Virtualization workstation

Answer 9

• Maximum RAM
• Every OS needs its own memory
• It adds up quickly!
• Maximum CPU cores
• Constant processing
• Need an efficient CPU
• Most virtualization apps can use multiple cores

Question 10

Gaming PC

Answer 10

• SSD
• Fast start and load times
• High-end video/specialized GPU
• Graphically complex
• High definition sound card
• Multiple layers, atmosphere
• High-end cooling
• High utilization for hours at a time

Question 11

Standard thick client

Answer 11

• Desktop applications
• Executable programs running in
local memory and using local CPU
• Meets recommended requirements for
running the operating system
• CPU, total RAM, disk space

Question 12

Thin client

Answer 12

• Basic application usage
• Applications actually run on a remote server
• Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI)
• Local device is a keyboard, mouse, and screen.
• Minimal operating system on the client
• No huge memory or CPU needs
• Network connectivity
• Big network requirement
• Everything happens across the wire

Question 13

NAS

Answer 13

Network attached storage device
• NAS - Access from anywhere
• Media streaming - Central location
• File sharing - Easy access
• Gigabit NIC - High speed transfers
• RAID array - Redundant hard drives

Question 14

Laser printer

Answer 14

• Combine a laser, high voltage, charged ions,
powdered ink, heat, and paper
• Very high quality
• Fast printing speeds
• Very complex, many moving parts, requires on-printer
memory and messy on the inside

Question 15

Laser printer STEPS

Answer 15

Step 1: Processing
• Build the entire page in memory
Step 2: Charging
• Prepare the drum with a
negative electrostatic charge
Step 3: Exposing
• Write the image with the laser
Step 4: Developing
• Add toner to the charged areas
of the imaging drum
Step 5: Transferring
• Move the toner from
the drum to the paper
Step 6: Fusing
• Heat and pressure
Step 7: Cleaning
• Remove excess toner

Question 16

802.11 Ad hoc mode

Answer 16

• No access point
• Direct link between wireless devices

Ad hoc mode allows two devices to directly communicate over an 802.11
wireless link without using an access point.

Question 17

Secure Boot

Answer 17

• Malicious software can “own” your system
• Malicious drivers or OS software
• Secure boot - part of the UEFI specification
• Digitally sign known-good software
• Cryptographically secure
• Software won’t run without the proper signature
• Support in many different operating systems
• Windows and Linux support

Question 18

BIOS passwords

Answer 18

• BIOS Password / User Password
• System won’t start
• Need the password to start the operating system
• Supervisor Password
• Restrict BIOS changes
• Must use supervisor password to change
any BIOS configurations

Question 19

Full disk encryption

Answer 19

• Everything is encrypted
• Not just individual files
• Windows BitLocker disk encryption
• BIOS integrates with TPM
• TPM - Trusted Platform Module
• Can be added to many motherboards
• Built-in to some systems
• Adds advanced cryptographic functions

Question 20

LoJack for Laptops

Answer 20

Originally called CompuTrace
• Name licensed from the vehicle recovery service
• Built into the BIOS - software installed into the OS
• Reinstalls itself if removed or new storage drive installed
• “Phone home” function - provides location information
• Theft mode`- remotely lock the laptop and/or delete files
• Forces a startup password

Question 21

A laser printer prints continuous black vertical lines down on the centre of the page. What is most likely the problem?

Answer 21

The drum is scratched.

Question 22

Vertical Streaks or Lines in Laser printers

Answer 22

Empty toner cartridge
Scratched drum
Poorly distributed toner

Swapping out the cartridge for another should help you rule it out as the culprit. Vertical white lines also can signal an obstruction that prevents the laser from imaging pages correctly. Resolving that problem can require cleaning elements of the laser assembly or replacing it altogether.

Question 23

Horizontal Lines in Laser printers

Answer 23

Horizontal printing defects and marks that appear at consistent intervals can arise from contaminated rollers. Manufacturers issue model-specific repetitive defect rulers you can use to correlate the position of the defects on the page with the arrangement and size of the rollers, cartridge components, fuser parts and other potential causes of non-random markings. Dropouts and non-repeating marks can result from the same problems that cause vertical defects, including laser contamination and toner cartridge malfunctions.

Question 24

Laser printer calibration

Answer 24

• Different toner cartridges print with different densities
• Some dark, some light
• Laser printer calibration can adjust the density
• Makes it looks perfect
• Can be automated or a manual process
• Every printer is different
• Check the printer manual

Question 25

Laser printer cleaning

Answer 25

* Laser printers are dirty - All that toner and paper dust * Check the manufacturer’s recommendations * Water, isopropyl alcohol (IPA) * Don’t use harsh chemicals! * Outside - Damp cloth * Inside - Wipe dust away * Don’t use a normal vacuum cleaner or compressed air * Wash off skin with cold water * Clean rollers with IPA

Question 26

Laser printer maintenance kit

Answer 26

* Laser printers wear out * All those moving parts * Heat and pressure * Standard maintenance kits * Replacement feed rollers, new fuser unit, etc. * When to perform maintenance? * Check the printer’s page counter * Power down and replace the components * Fuser units are HOT * Reset the page counter when you’re done!

Question 27

Replacing the toner cartridge

Answer 27

* Look for the messages * Low doesn’t mean empty * The toner can also contain the OPC drum * Organic Photoconductor drum * Sensitive to light; keep it in the bag * Power down the printer * Safety first * Remove packing strips from the new drum * Replace it with the old

Question 28

TRACERT command

Answer 28

If you are having connectivity problems, you can use the tracert command to check the path to the destination IP address that you want to reach and record the results. The tracert command displays the series of IP routers that are used in delivering packets from your computer to the destination and how long it took on each hop. If the packets are unable to be delivered to the destination, the tracert command displays the last router that successfully forwarded your packets.

Question 29

Plug and Play

Answer 29

Plug and Play (PnP) is a combination of hardware and software support that enables a computer system to recognize and adapt to hardware configuration changes with little or no intervention by a user. A user can add devices to, and remove devices from, a computer system without having to do awkward and confusing manual configuration, and without having knowledge of intricate computer hardware. For example, a user can dock a portable computer and use the docking station keyboard, mouse, and monitor without making manual configuration changes.

Question 30

What Is a Virtual LAN (VLAN)?

Answer 30

A virtual local area network is a logical subnetwork that groups a collection of devices from different physical LANs. Large business computer networks often set up VLANs to re-partition a network for improved traffic management. Several kinds of physical networks support virtual LANs, including Ethernet and Wi-Fi.

Question 31

Dual Core vs Hyperthread Technology

Answer 31

Dual Core - that is a CPU with two physical cores Hyperthreading - that is one CPU with one core, but acts to the operating system that it has two cores, multitasking based.

Question 32

Hyper-Threading

Answer 32

Hyper-threading was Intel’s first attempt to bring parallel computation to consumer PCs. It debuted on desktop CPUs with the Pentium 4 HT back in 2002. The Pentium 4’s of the day featured just a single CPU core, so it could really only perform one task at a time—even if it was able to switch between tasks quickly enough that it seemed like multitasking. Hyper-threading attempted to make up for that.

Question 33

Multiple Cores

Answer 33

Originally, CPUs had a single core. That meant the physical CPU had a single central processing unit on it. To increase performance, manufacturers add additional “cores,” or central processing units. A dual-core CPU has two central processing units, so it appears to the operating system as two CPUs. A CPU with two cores, for example, could run two different processes at the same time. This speeds up your system, because your computer can do multiple things at once

Question 34

What Google Backs Up Automatically?

Answer 34

- Contacts, Email, Docs, and Calendars - Chrome Browser Data - Purchased Apps

Question 35

Hyper-V

Answer 35

Microsoft Hyper-V supports three different types of virtual networks: external, internal and private. External virtual networks are the most commonly used because they allow a virtual machine (VM) to access the outside world. Internal virtual networks are isolated segments accessible by VMs and by the Hyper-V host, while private virtual networks are only accessible to VMs.

Question 36

IPv6

Answer 36

With its 32-bit address format, IPv4 can handle a maximum of 4.3 billion unique IP addresses. While this number may seem very large, it is not enough to sustain and scale the rapidly rising growth of the Internet. Although improvements to IPv4, including the use of NAT, have allowed the extended use of the protocol, address exhaustion is inevitable and could happen as soon as 2012. With its 128-bit address format, IPv6 can support 3.4 x 1038or340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 unique IP addresses. This number of addresses is large enough to configure a unique address on every node in the Internet and still have plenty of addresses left over. It is also large enough to eliminate the need for NAT, which has its own inherent problems.

Question 37

How to update your system BIOS?

Answer 37

- Download the BIOS installation file from the manufacture and flash the BIOS - Download the BIOS installation file from the manufacture and flash the BIOS and run an installation program in Windows to flash the BIOS