3.1 Multiple forces

Question 1

Non-covalent forces

Answer 1

• > electrostatic forces
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• > hydrophobic forces

Question 2

1. Electrostatic forces

Answer 2

Attraction between opposite charges

Question 3

2. Hydrogen bonds

Answer 3

Hydrogen shared between electronegative atoms (N2O)

Question 4

3. Van der Waals forces

Answer 4

Fluctuations in electron clouds around molecules polarize neighbouring atoms oppositely.

Question 5

4. Hydrophobic forces

Answer 5

Hydrophobic groups interact unfavourably with water and tend to pack together to exclude water molecules. The attraction also involves van der Waals forces.