What is flux linkage
the number of turns cutting the flux at one time
faraday’s law
the induced emf is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux linkage
lenz’s law
the direction of the induced emf is such as to oppose the change that induces it
why do charged particles move in a circular orbit in a magnetic field
the magnetic force is always perpendicular to the velocity of the particle, so it will end up being forced in a circular orbit. the particles undergo a centripetal acceleration, with the centripetal force being the magnetic force
explain why the motion of a magnet on a pendulum is damped