Cost of Carry
F(T) = S + carrying costs
Forward Pricing
F(T) = S * e^([r+c-y] * T)
r = risk free rate c = storage costs y= convenience yield
Basis (forward contracts)
Basis = S - F(T)
Calendar Spread
Calendar spread F(T+t) - F(T)
Contango
Forward prices above the spot price, converge to the spot price over time
Backwardation
Forward prices less than the current spot price