336

Question 1

p

Answer 1

Frequency of dominant or normal allele (A)

Question 2

q

Answer 2

Frequency of recessive or mutant allele (a)

Question 3

p^2, 2pq, q^2

Answer 3

Frequency of AA, Aa and aa

Question 4

W

Answer 4

Fitness of a genotype

Question 5

s

Answer 5

Selection coefficient

How much less fit a genotype is compared to the best one.

Question 6

h

Answer 6

Dominance coefficient

h=0 allele a is completely recessive
h=1 allele a is completely dominant

Question 7

μ

Answer 7

mutation rate from A to a per generation

Question 7

nu (v)

Answer 7

back-mutation rate a to A

Question 8

Mutation-selection balance formulas
For haploid or dominant alleles:
For recessive allele:
General diploid case:

Answer 8

q = μ/s

q= sqrt(μ/s)

q= μ/hs (if h>0)

Question 9

H[t]

Answer 9

Expected heterozygosity (two different alleles) at generation “t”

Question 10

p-hat

q-hat

Answer 10

Equilibrium frequencies

Question 11

Phylogenetic species concept

Answer 11

A species is the smallest group of organisms that share a common ancestor and can be distinguished from other groups by unique traits.

Defines species by their evolutionary history and unique traits.

Question 12

General Lineage species concept

Answer 12

Species are evolving populations that became distinct over time.

Question 13

Biological Species Concept

Answer 13

A species is a group of organisms that can interbreed with each other, producing fertile offspring.

Question 14

Uniformitarianism

Answer 14

Charles Lyell

If a process was working in the past it will still be working.

Question 15

How did Darwin view species?

Answer 15

Arbitrary groups of individuals that looked alike.