What is proteome?
Just as genome means all of the genes in an organism, proteome refers to all of an organism’s proteins.
What is gene expression?
A gene’s DNA is used as a template for synthesis of a specific protein.
What is transcription?
First, in a process aptly named transcription, the information encoded in a specific region of DNA is transcribed (copied) to produce a specific molecule of RNA (ribonucleic acid).
What is translation?
In a second process, referred to as translation, the RNA attaches to a ribosome, where the information contained in RNA is translated into a corresponding sequence of amino acids to form a new protein molecule.
What is base triplet?
A sequence of three such nucleotides in DNA.
What is codon?
Each DNA base triplet is transcribed as a complementary sequence of three nucleotides.
What is genetic code?
the set of rules that relate the base triplet sequence of DNA to the corresponding codons of RNA and the amino acids they specify.
What are the three types of RNA?
- mRNA directs the synthesis of a protein
- Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) joins with ribosomal proteins to make ribosomes
- Transfer RNA (tRNA) binds to an amino acid and holds it in place on a ribosome until it is incorporated into a protein during translation. One end of the tRNA carries a specific amino acid, and the opposite end consists of a triplet of nucleotides called an anticodon.
What is RNA polymerase?
Catalyzes transcription of DNA.
What is promoter?
The segment of DNA where transcription begins, a special nucleotide sequence called a promoter.
