✅3.6 - Metals

Question 1

What is a metal ore?

Answer 1

A rock containing a metal, or a metal compound, in a high concentration to make it economic to extract the metal

Question 2

Name two iron ores and state what both of them contain

Answer 2

Magnetite and haematite contain iron oxide

Question 3

How is iron extracted from an iron ore?

Answer 3

Blast furnace

Question 4

What do you put in the thing used to extract iron?

Answer 4

Put iron, coke and limestone in the blast furnace

Question 5

What is the source of aluminum?

Answer 5

Bauxite, which is a hydrated form of aluminium, extracted by open-casting and crushed and dried

Question 6

How is aluminium made?

Answer 6

An expensive electrolytic process is needed for production, which consumes large quantities of electrical energy

Question 7

What is an alloy?

Answer 7

Mixture of two elements, one of which is a metal

Question 8

Why are alloys more useful? (3)

Answer 8

• They are often harder than the metal they contain because they have atoms of different sizes which distorts the regular arrangements and makes the layers difficult to slide.
• Tensile strength increases
• Malleability and ductility is reduced

Question 9

What are stainless steels a mixture of?

Answer 9

Iron + carbon + chromium

Question 10

What is work hardening?

Answer 10

An increase in the hardness of the metals as a result of working them cold. It causes a permanent distortion of the crystal structure

Question 11

Two types of metals

Answer 11

Ferrous and non-ferrous

Question 12

Properties of metals (7)

Answer 12

Brittleness, ductility, hardness, elasticity, malleability, toughness, work hardening

Question 13

Properties of ferrous metals

Answer 13

They contain iron and they can conduct heat and electricity, and also have high melting points

Question 14

What happens if oxygen reacts with ferrous metals?

Answer 14

Corrode and rust unless they are treated to prevent it

Question 15

Cast iron properties

Answer 15

Brittle and corrodes by rusting

Question 16

Cast iron uses

Answer 16

• Casting
• Manhole covers
• Car brake discs

Question 17

What is stainless steel a mixture of?

Answer 17

Alloy of iron, chromium, magnesium, nickel

Question 18

Uses of stainless steel

Answer 18

• Cutlery
• Kitchen equipment
• Sanitary and surgical equipment

Question 19

What is high speed steel (HSS) made of?

Answer 19

Alloy of iron, tungsten, vanadium, and chromium

Question 20

Uses of high speed steel (HSS)

Answer 20

• Drill bits
• Lathe tools
• Milling cutters

Question 21

What is mild steel made of?

Answer 21

Alloy of iron with very little carbon

Question 21

What are the uses of mild steel?

Answer 21

• Engineering and construction material
• ## Nuts, bolts, car body panels

Question 22

What are the uses of high carbon steel?

Answer 22

• Cutting tools
• Ball bearings
• Screwdrivers
• Hammers and saws

Question 23

What are non-ferrous metals?

Answer 23

Metals and metal alloys that do not contain iron

Question 24

What are the uses of lead?

Answer 24

- Roofing - Construction - Casting - Lead acid batteries

Question 25

What are the uses of tin?

Answer 25

- Coating on food cans - Tin foil

Question 26

What are the uses of zinc?

Answer 26

- Coating on screws, nails, nuts, and bolts - Weatherproof steel (galvanising)

Question 27

What are the uses of duraluminium?

Answer 27

- Aircraft construction - Boat building - Car manufacture

Question 28

What are the uses of aluminium?

Answer 28

- Saucepans - Cooking foil - Window frames - Bicycles

Question 29

What is brass made of?

Answer 29

Alloy of copper and zinc (CuZn)

Question 30

What are the uses of brass?

Answer 30

- Decorative metals (handles, ornaments, musical instruments)

Question 31

What are the uses of copper?

Answer 31

- Plumbing - Cookware - Electrical fittings - Roof coverings

Question 32

What is the result after annealing?

Answer 32

The metals become softened and can be cut and shaped more easily than if it had not been

Question 33

How does annealing work?

Answer 33

it is a process that is often undertaken after a piece of material is work hardened. When a metal is annealed, it is heated to a specific temperature and then cooled - it does not involve working with the material in a hot state. Because heating and cooling changes the molecular structure of the material, causing it to soften.

Question 34

What is tempering?

Answer 34

It is usually perfomed after hardening, to reduce excess hardness, and is done by heating the metal to some temperature below critical point for a certain period of time, then allowing it to cool in still air

Question 35

What are the steps of tempering?

Answer 35

1. Metal hardened (cherry red) quench in water 2. Clean/polish surface wet and dry paper 3. Heat - colours flow to the end of the water 4. When desired colour reaches end, quench in water 5. Metal is tempered idk what this means tbh

Question 36

How does case hardening of mild steel work?

Answer 36

It hardens 0.05mm of the surface of the metal only, which uniformly hardens the material throughout.

Question 37

What is an advantage of case hardening of mild steel?

Answer 37

It leaves the core unhardened, meaning that it is able to retain its malleability and flexibility so that it is easy to work with