3SQ1

Question 1

The following image is called a _______, the chromosomes are in their ______ form

Answer 1

Karyogram

Question 2

Picture of Karyogram (di ko malagay ei)

Answer 2

Karyogram; haploid

Question 3

T/F: The previous figure is an example of symmetric karyotype.

Answer 3

F ; asymmetric

Question 4

Contains: Glutathione, Vit B12, NaHCO3

For which part of the process of karyotyping is this used for?

Answer 4

Cell culture

Question 5

BONUS: Spell out RPMI

Answer 5

Roswell Park Memorial Institute

Question 6

Select all that apply

Which other reagents and equipment are needed for your answer in 3 (Cell culture)?

Answer 6

Fetal BSA, PHA

Question 7

What is the role of choice B (PHA) in karyotyping preparation?

Answer 7

Cell division factor

Question 8

BONUS: The blood to be used in lymphocyte based karyotyping must have ______ as anticoagulant, and therefore the tube top should be ________ colored.

Answer 8

Sodium Heparin, green

Question 9

The main principle behind ________ method is to arrest cells at _________ by disruption of the ________ via the use of drug

Answer 9

Colcemid, metaphase, microtubules

Question 10

Which reagent in the karyotyping procedure cause the following to retrieve chromosomes?

Answer 10

Sodium citrate 0.8%

Question 11

BONUS: ________ exposure to colcemid or the use of high concentrations increases the proportion of chromosomes at late metaphase, resulting in shortening of the chromosomes. A ______ exposure with a high concentration of colcemid reduces the total yield of metaphases.

Answer 11

Long, short

Question 12

BONUS: This (Bromouridine) is used to arrest the cells at ___-phase to increase the total yield of metaphase chromosomes.

Answer 12

Interphase

Question 13

Identify the ingredients and the ratio of ingredients in Carnoy’s fixative

Answer 13

Ethanol; Ch3Cl; 95% HOAc (6:3:1)

Question 14

For which part of the process is the inverted microscope used?

Answer 14

Step where rubber policeman is used

Cell culture; to spread the cells in a culture

Question 15

Together with the ingredient seen in ________ (reagent), this equipment (Carbon Dioxide incubator) is used to provide proper temperature and ________ to the cell culture.

Answer 15

RPMI, pH

Question 16

Which is not properly matched?

Answer 16

Final fixation - Room temp (Cold)

Question 17

G-banding Karyotype

Answer 17

• Uses eosin Y and azure B
• The positive G-bands, which are the dark bands, are hydrophobic regions
• Lighter stained regions are disulfide-rich

Question 18

R-banding karyotype

Answer 18

• Produces positive bands that correspond to the negative bands in G-banding
• Is produced by incubating the chromosomes in an ionic solution at a high temperatures (~87C) followed by staining with Giemsa

Question 19

C-banding karyotype

Answer 19

• Technique involves hot saline incubation, and alkali treatment

Question 20

Q-banding karyotype

Answer 20

• Dye binds by intercalation
• Amino group at position 2 of the Guanine bases of the DNA quenches the fluorescence of quinacrine
• AT-rich regions of the chromosomes to fluoresce more brightly than the GC-rich regions

Question 21

NOR-banding karyotype

Answer 21

• Acetic acid is used like a stop bath to end the staining process

Question 22

BONUS: Identify the karyotype staining with the following advantages:
- Identification of bivalents at diakinesis using both centromere position
- Paternity testing
- Gene mapping

Answer 22

C-banding

Question 23

Identify the sex of the human using the previous karyotype:

Answer 23

Male

Question 24

Trisomy 21 Karyotype

Answer 24

Down Syndrome

Question 25

XXY Karyotype

Answer 25

Klinefelter Syndrome

Question 26

Something sa chromosome 15

Answer 26

Angelman syndrome daw

Question 27

5p- deletion

Answer 27

Cri-du-chat

Question 28

Which is correct about amniocentesis?

Answer 28

- Test specifically looks at Chromosomes 21, 18, 13, X and Y - Can be used in classical karyotyping

Question 29

T/F: A prenatal test checks cells from the placenta (which are identical to cells from the fetus) to see if they have a chromosomal abnormality. The test can be done from weeks 10 to 13 in a woman's pregnancy.

Answer 29

T

Question 30

T/F: A transmission electro microscope is required in order to visualize the patient's karyotype. The electron micrograph of the patient's karyogram will then be compared against the karyogram from a donor sample without mutation.

Answer 30

F

Question 31

Not true of FISH

Answer 31

- Looks for specific protein antigens in tissue - Can detect point mutations

Question 32

Identify part of FISH

Answer 32

Probe DNA

Question 33

Which is the sequence of previously seen technique?

Answer 33

Sample preparation > denaturation > hybridization > washing > visualization

Question 34

Select all that is true to answer in 26 (Probe DNA)

Answer 34

- Length is 20-1000bps - Can be RNA - Can be DNA analogs - Can be tagged with nonfluorescent molecule first (Indirect Fluorescence)

Question 35

Select all that applies to target DNA

Answer 35

- Patient's own DNA

Question 36

Short stouted chromosomes

Answer 36

Metaphase

Question 37

basta yung 31 may red at green image

Answer 37

Interphase

Question 38

Which is correlated with 31 (Interphase)?

Answer 38

- Can be used for cytospin and FFPE - Can be used for de novo changes

Question 39

BONUS: Spell out FFPE

Answer 39

Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded

Question 40

Choose the letter of Indirect Fluorescence FISH

Answer 40

B (Streptavidin)

Question 41

What is the missing hapten in your answer to 33 (Streptavidin)?

Answer 41

Biotin

Question 42

BONUS: Egg ___ is a source of your answer to Biotin

Answer 42

yolk

Question 43

FITC

Answer 43

Green

Question 44

Rhodamine

Answer 44

Red

Question 45

DAPI

Answer 45

Blue

Question 46

BONUS: A cytotechnician was asked to prepare a bone marrow aspirate for FISH analysis. After mixing the probe and the sample, he incubated the mixture and focused the preparation on the microscope without washing. Which of the following would be the most likely result?

Answer 46

False positive

Question 47

Lower temperatures for denaturation

Answer 47

Formamide

Question 48

50-70-90-100; ascending

Answer 48

Ethanol

Question 49

Which kind of FISH is this (multiple colors)

Answer 49

Locus-specific probes

Question 50

Centromeric staining sa FISH

Answer 50

Alphoid probes

Question 51

Subtelomeric probes; This technique in the figure can detect:

Answer 51

- Loss of tip regions of linear chromosome

Question 52

Mband Analysis

Answer 52

Intrachromosomal structural change

Question 53

Multiplex FISH

Answer 53

Color-tagging for cytogenetics of pre-B leukemia

Question 54

FIBER Fish

Answer 54

High resolution mapping of telomeric chromosomes

Question 55

BONUS: Identify the technique

Answer 55

Dual Fusion

Question 56

BONUS: Which cancer is correlated with HER2/neu gene

Answer 56

Breast cancer

Question 57

Select all that is true of the technique (CGH)

Answer 57

- Used for detection of copy number loss/gain - Used for detection of whole genome not transcriptome - CGH

Question 58

Which is not correlated with the previous figure (CMA)

Answer 58

- Uses CCD as light source

Question 59

Which chromosomal abeeration can be represented by the red line? (Gene deletion)

Answer 59

CFTR

Question 60

This step:

Answer 60

Stringent washing

Question 61

Identify this microscope used in FISH

Answer 61

Fluorescence

Question 62

BONUS: ______ is prepared exclusively from male human placental DNA by shearing, denaturing, and reannealing under conditions that enrich repetitive elements

Answer 62

Cot 1

Question 63

BONUS: In Carnoy's fixative, which substance is used to coagulate nucleoproteins and cause swelling of the cells. This fixative penetrates the cells rapidly and preserves the chromosome structure.

Answer 63

Acetic Acid