The British Side
British:
•Fight European Style - In Rows
Colonists:
•Ben Franklin’s Albany Plan of Union tries to get colonies to help England Colonies say “NO!”
•Militia
Iroquois:
•Avoid most fighting
•Only want goods
The French Side
French:
•military fought like Indians - Guerilla Warfare
Most Native Americans:
•Feared the English moving west in large numbers
•Good relationship with French
•Guerilla tactics
Causes (4)
- ) England and France rival each other for power in Europe
- ) Land – OHIO RIVER VALLEY
- ) Fur Trade
- Starts with the building of forts
The Battle of Fort Necessity
- The French set up forts protect their fur trade
- Some of these forts conflicted with English claims.
- Virginia Governor Dinwiddie sends a young George Washington in 1753 to deliver a protest to the French. This protest was ignored.
- GW trys to build a fort but forced out of area
The Battle of Fort Necessity
- 1754, Dinwiddie tells Washington to expel the French from the site.
- Washington was quickly defeated by French and Native Americans
- Washington had to retreat to the hastily constructed Fort Necessity, which he had to surrender shortly there after.
- This incident was a prelude to the French and Indian War.
Fort Duquesne (French fort)
- The French build their fort here 1st!
- Out to the lead
- Control of trade & transportation along 3 rivers – Monongahela, Allegheny, and Ohio
Albany Plan of Union
- Ben Franklin of Pennsylvania urges 13 colonies (who don’t get along), to create a union to help the British war effort
- Protection for when war breaks out!
- Colonies refuse – lack of cooperation
- British aren’t disappointed – fear the colonies working together might create a problem in the future
- Join or Die cartoon
Early fighting - Fort Duquesne
- French Fort in what is now Pittsburgh
- Three rivers allow for travel, trade
- George Washington and troops sent to capture it, but caught by Indians and run away
Fort Necessity
- Washington and men have 24 hours to build fort
- Small, poorly built
- French and NAs capture Fort, send Washington and men home w/o weapons
War Declared! The Brits get involved
•General Braddock in Charge!
•3 places
oFort Duquesne (ORV)
oGreat Lakes Region NY
oInvade CanadaBattle of Fort Duquesne
- 1755
- Edward “Bulldog” Braddock
- Fights European style - in rows
- French learned to fight like NAs - hiding and quiet (Guerilla Warfare)
- Braddock’s “Sneak Attack” heard for miles
- Too many supplies to go through the woods!
- Braddock and 500 other Brits killed, Washington has troops run away
- French and NAs lose 50
British losing streak
•1756-1757 British lose forts to the French in Great Lakes Region
oFort William Henry
oFort Oswego
oFort Ticonderoga
oCauses tension between colonial militia and British regulars
William Pitt
1757
- Prime Minister of England
- More troops & $$ on the war
- Better Generals
- Adapt fighting styles
- British start winning!
1758 Winning Streak
•Ft. Niagara, Ft. Ticonderoga, Ft. Louisburg
•Colonial Militia wins at Fort Frontenac
oCapture French supply fort!!
•FINALLY Fort Duquesne!
•Rename Fort Pitt = PittsburgInvasion on Canada
Brits capture Quebec (1759) – turning point:
•Cuts off supply route to French and NA troops
•Too many British troops outlast the French
British capture Montreal in (1760) – last battle:
•French surrender in 1763
•Treaty of Paris 1763
Effects of F and I War - Treaty of Paris (1763)
- Britain gets Canada, all lands to Mississippi except New Orleans
- Britain gets Florida from Spain (Spain jumped in at the end)
Effects of F and I War - War Debt for Britain
- Britain is in debt
- Britain decides to have colonies pay taxes for war debt (people in England paid taxes, colonists did not)
- These taxes (Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Townshend Acts) lead to Revolutionary War
Natives and Colonists
- Continue to have tension over land
* Fur trade declines
Colonists and Britain
- Tension over poor relations between during the war
- Lack of respect
- Proclamation of 1763!
