1
Q
what is cell signalling
A
cell-cell communication
2
Q
cell signalling function
A
- send and recieve instructions
- induce particular cellular processes
- coordinate cellular functions
3
Q
how do signals enter target cells
A
- diffuse across membrane
- enter through carriers or channels
- the receptors are on the surface
4
Q
what are the 6 steps of cell signalling
A
- synthesis of signal
- release of signal
- transport of signal
- detection of signal
- cellular response to signal
- feedback
5
Q
juxtacrine
A
contact dependant signalling
6
Q
autocrine
A
self signalling
7
Q
paracrine
A
signalling nearby cells
8
Q
endocrine
A
signalling with distant targets via the blood
9
Q
neuronal
A
cell signalling via neurotransmitters at a synapse
10
Q
specificity
A
ensuring the right cell gets the right signal
11
Q
how do we ensure specificity
A
- direct contact - juxtacrine
- signal degradation - autocrine, paracrine, neuronal
- receptor expression - all
12
Q
ligand-gated ion channels
A
- 4-5 subunits
- ligand binding causes conformational change
13
Q
GPCR
A
- 7 transmembrane domains
- coupled to G proteins (alpha, beta, gamma subunits)
- ligand binding causes conformational change
- G proteins activated
- subunits dissociate
- signal cascade
14
Q
regions of enzyme linked receptors
A
- extracellular ligand binding domain
- transcellar domain
- intracellular domain (intrinsic enzyme or enzyme bound)
15
Q
what happens following signal reception
A
- signal transduction
- amplification
- integration of signals
- crosstalk
- cell response
