4 - Phys/Pharm

Question 1

give an overview of how hearing works?

Answer 1

1. pressure waves travel through the air to ears
2. amplified by tympanic membrane
3. air vibrations transmit to bony ossicles that relay infor to fluid in inner ear
4. fluid wave is created in endolymph at oval window
5. transmitted to Organ of Corti
6. hair-like structures in endolymph distend = creates an electrical impulse
7. conveyed via Vestibular cochlea nerve to cerebral cortex for interpretation as sound

Question 2

what do the Weber’s and Rinne’s tests test?

Answer 2

for defective conduction of sound through the middle ear or inability of receptors to respond to the sounds reaching them

Question 3

what is the procedure for the Weber’s test?

Answer 3

• place tuning fork on the midline of skull
• pluck the end
• sound should be heard equally loud in both ear

Question 4

what is the Weber’s test checking for?

Answer 4

lateralisation of sound

Question 5

if there is conductive deafness in one ear, what will be the result of the Weber’s test?

Answer 5

sound will be louder in the deaf ear

Question 6

if there is sensorineural hearing loss in one ear, what will be the result of the Weber’s test?

Answer 6

sound heard louder in good ear

Question 7

what is the procedure of the Rinne’s test?

Answer 7

• place stem of tuning fork on mastoid process - tests bone conduction
• ask pt to confirm when they can no longer hear the sound
• when pt can no longer hear it, move tuning fork in front of external auditory meatus - tests air conduction
• if they can hear the sound again - suggests air conduction is better than bone conduction = healthy = Rinne’s positive

Question 8

what is a normal result of the Rinne’s test?

Answer 8

air conduction> bone conduction

positive Rinne’s

Question 9

what would the Rinne’s test result be for conductive hearing loss?

Answer 9

bone conduction> air conduction

negative rinne’s

Question 10

what would the Rinne’s test results be for someone with sensorineural hearing loss?

Answer 10

air conduction > bone conduction

positive Rinne’s

Question 11

what is the typical frequency of tuning forks used in the Weber and Rinne’s test?

Answer 11

512 Hz

Question 12

when conductive pure tone audiometry, what do the headphone colours mean?

Answer 12

left ear - blue
right ear - red

Question 13

what is the air-bone gap?

Answer 13

the difference between the audiometry test results of air conduction when compared to bone conduction over the same range of frequencies

Question 14

what type of ABG do most people have? why is this?

Answer 14

• most ppl have a small ABG
• due to ear being more sensitive to sounds via air conduction compared to bone conduction

Question 15

if there is no air bone gap - what does this indicate?

Answer 15

an issue in the cochlea/inner ear

Question 16

where is Wernicke’s area located?

Answer 16

left temporal lobe

Question 17

what is Wernicke’s area responsible for?

Answer 17

the comprehension of speech

Question 18

where is Broca’s area located?

Answer 18

frontal lobe

Question 19

what is Broca’s area responsible for?

Answer 19

articulation and production of speech

Question 20

our ability to taste and smell is dependent on what?

Answer 20

chemoreceptors

Question 21

where are receptors located for taste?

Answer 21

dorsal surface of the tongue

Question 22

where are the receptors located for smell?

Answer 22

olfactory mucosa in upper posterior area of nasal cavity

Question 23

label the different taste receptors on the tongue

Answer 23