4: Tools & Sanitization

Question 1

• What is Disinfection:

Answer 1

• the process of killing microorganisms by physical or chemical means
• disinfection kills a large percentage of bacteria, fungi, and fungal spores, reducing their presence to a level acceptable to hygienic practice.
• main drawback is it cannot kill spores

Question 2

• There are different levels of disinfection. Describe Chemical Means:

Answer 2

• when choosing a disinfectant you will want a hospital grade, tuberculoidal disinfectant
• tuberculoidal means it can kill the TB bacillus which is one of the most difficult bacteria to destroy
• -look for disinfectants that are rust resistant otherwise your instruments will be damaged

Question 3

• Picture chart : Mixing of Chlorine (Bleach):

Making a Solution for Disinfection

Answer 3

Question 4

• What are antiseptics?

Answer 4

-will limit or reduce bacterial growth it they will not kill bacteria, spores, or viruses
-usually used on the skin because they are milder. (I.e alcohol)
-some can also be used as they are diluted to the right strength
—follow the manufacturers instructions regarding the dilution of disinfectants and antiseptics
-if excessively diluted it can actually feed bacteria instead of kill it
-using incorrect dilution can also stimulate the development of strains which are resistant to the disinfectant being used, thus causing future problems
-if antiseptics are used at a strength greater than recommended, they can cause chemical burning of the skin
*-the correct dilution of disinfection and antiseptic is therefore very important

Question 5

• What is sterilization?

Answer 5

-the distruction of all micro organisms- bacterial, viral, and fungal forms including their spores

Question 6

• Describe when to sterilize, disinfect or use antiseptic:

Answer 6

• to protect against bacteria, fungi, & fungal spores: use of disinfection procedures and antiseptics are sufficient
• if possibility of viruses or bacterial spores are present & thus needing to be destroyed: use of sterilization procedures must be followed

Question 7

• What are the only viruses which the aesthetician will have to guard against are:

Answer 7

-those which are spread by blood to blood contact:
—hepatitis B (HBV)
—human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Question 8

• How many sets of tools is it recommended to keep at one time?

Answer 8

• two or more sets of tools so that one set can be undergoing the sterilization process while the other set is in use
• other items which can become contaminated through their use on damaged tissue are cuticle sticks, files, cotton wool and tissues—all of which are disposable and mist be dispensed within the correct way after use or suspected contamination
• incidence of bacterial spores in a spa with rigorous and routine disinfection is very low

Question 9

• What is pre-cleaning?

Answer 9

• whether items are to e sterilized or disinfected, they should be pre-cleaned by scrubbing in hot soapy water (itself a method of disinfection)
• a liquid soap should be used—hard soaps leave deposits, which may prevent follow-up processes from working properly

Question 10

• Temperatures and pressures necessary to achieve sterilization with the Autoclave method are:

Answer 10

-15 minutes at 121 degrees Celsius (15 pounds per square inch or P.S.I)
OR
-3 minutes at 134s Celsius (32 P.S.I)

• it is possible to double check that the autoclave is achieving sterilization conditions
• Special TST control strips are available which can be placed in the autoclave at the start of its cycle
• strips have a yellow dot on them which turns purple when sterilization is complete

Question 11

Approved methods of sterilization:

Answer 11

1. Autoclave
2. Dry heat sterilizer
3. Chemical autoclave
4. Chemical sterilizing agents

Question 12

Methods that do not sterilize:

Answer 12

1. Glass bead sterilizer
2. Ultraviolet sterilizer
3. Ultrasonic cleaner
4. Pressure cookers and cooking ovens
5. Microwaves
6. Boiling water

Question 13

Cleaning your instruments:

Answer 13

All instruments must be cleaned before disinfection or sterilization:

Question 14

What is the Autoclave?

Answer 14

• is like a pressure cooker and uses a combo of hot steam and pressure to sterilize instruments
• If pressure is added to water, boiling point raises (water boils at 100 C under normal atmospheric pressure)
• it can be made to rise to temperatures that kill all microorganisms, their spores and viruses

Question 15

What is the only type of Autoclave which can be safely used in a Spa environment?

Answer 15

• an electrical one which has a fully automatic cycle
• a measured amount of water is placed into the autoclave and pre washed tools are places on a rack above the water so that steam can circulate freely around them
• the lid is closed and the autoclave is switched on
• during use, the water boils breathing steam which forces air out of the pan through the valve
• when all the air has been expelled, this valves is closed
• pressure builds up inside the pan, which causes the temperature to rise
• when the sterilizing temperature has been reached, the automatic program maintains the temperature and pressure for the required length of time and then switches off the autoclave
• when the pressure returns to normal, the lid can be removed and the sterile articles taken out

Question 16

What has to be done to maintain sterilization of items removed from the autoclave?

Answer 16

-articles taken from the autoclave are only sterile until the come into contact with the air or other items.
If sterility needs to be maintained then it is necessary to transfer them into a sterilizing cabinet

Question 17

• What is the purpose of sterilization?

Answer 17

• to protect against hepatitis B and HIV.
• HIV is normally destroyed by less severe methods but autoclaving ensures its destruction
• as long as the tools are kept in hygienic surroundings after sterilizations, and wiped with alcohol before use on a client, their level of cleanliness is sufficient

Question 18

What are alcohols in sterilization?

Answer 18

• a class of chemical compounds in which carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) are attached to a hydroxyl group (OH).
• the variations in their proportions give rise to the many varieties of alcohols, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol being the three most commonly used in the work of an esthetician

Question 19

What is Isopropyl Alcohol?

Answer 19

• Isopropyl alcohol is an alcohol made out of by-products of the petroleum industry
• it is colourless, volatile, inflammable liquid which mixes with water
• it is one of the cheapest alcohols and is poisonous if swallowed
• for many uses, it has replaced ethyl alcohol because of its similar solvent properties as well as its cheapness

Question 20

Disinfection of instruments and equipment chart:

Answer 20

Question 21

What is the sterilization process for the Uniform?

Answer 21

• uniform must be clean and pressed every day

- in order to kill most bacteria, it is advisable that uniforms should be washed at a minimum of 60 degrees C

Question 22

Describe the sterilization process for towels:

Answer 22

• towels should be washed in hot 60C soapy water to kill bacteria
• there are also special cool-was powders that will disinfect and clean at only 30C
• as an wonder or manager, this is an effective way to cut costs, save energy and prolong the life of your linen.
• a Gibson towel may be places over the Owen for extra sanitization

Question 23

What is the sanitization process for plastic manicure bowls?

Answer 23

• should be washed between clients using hot water 60C min soapy water of a cream cleanser
• use of abrasive cleaners should be avoided as the scratches caused provide a excellent breeding ground for bacteria
• bacterial sprays are available to further enhance the Anita at ion process

Question 24

What is the sanitization process for emery boards and cuticle sticks?

Answer 24

-need to be disposed of after use

Question 25

What is the sanitization process for metal implements?

Answer 25

- must never be used on a subsequent client without first disinfecting or sterilizing them - it is reasonable to use disinfectant alone where there has been no contact with cuts or abrasions

Question 26

What is needed if mental implements have been in contact with cuts or abrasions /blood?

Answer 26

- sterilization is needed (not just disinfectant) - preferably using an autoclave or by means of a suitable sterilizing chemical that is a hospital grade formulation - contaminated items must be wrapped in a tissue until they can be sterilized - all tools must be washed with hot, soapy water before they are put in the autoclave

Question 27

What is the sanitization process for cosmetic materials?

Answer 27

- cosmetic materials such as hand creams cannot be sterilized or disinfected by the previous methods mentioned. - hygienic surroundings are maintained and therefor an infection-free product is produced - use of preservatives are also included in most products to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi

Question 28

Some routines that can be followed to maintain cleanliness and sanitization of the products being used:

Answer 28

-pump dispensers should be used so main body of moisturizer is not touched -tube dispensers should be used where the cosmetic is too thick to be dispensed through a pump as with cuticle creams -where a pump or dispenser not available, jar with spatula or cuticle stick is used —spatula should not be re-dipped into jar -for cuticle remover and nail varnishes, if solution is used on an obviously infected client then the entire bottle should be discarded —provided client is not obviously infected, consecutive use on each client is acceptable -each bottle should be used until empty and then discarded

Question 29

* A substance, usually a chemical, which will kill, limit, or prevent the growth of micro-organisms. It can be safely used on living tissue, including the skin

Answer 29

Antiseptic

Question 30

* The principals of good health and the science of sanitization. It means cleans and clean from disease-causing microorganisms.

Answer 30

Hygiene

Question 31

* The process of killing microorganisms or their spores

Answer 31

-sterilization

Question 32

* A toxic chemical which will kill most microorganisms but not necessarily spores. This chemical is too strong to be used on living tissue.

Answer 32

-Disinfectant

Question 33

* Free from any living microorganisms or their spores

Answer 33

Sterile

Question 34

* The process of rendering harmless any people, articles, rooms, equipment and so on which are liable to communicate disease through the spread of microorganisms

Answer 34

-Disinfection

Question 35

* Reduce the incidence of microorganisms in an environment to an acceptable low level

Answer 35

-Disinfect

Question 36

* Cleanliness and following of correct procedure to prevent the spread of disease

Answer 36

-Sanitation