Land As Soon As Possible
Land without delay at the nearest suitable area (i.e. open field) at which a safe approach and landing is reasonably assured.
Land As Soon As Practicle
The landing site and duration of flight are at the discretion of the pilot. Extended flight beyond the nearest approved landing area is not recommended.
Engine Failure Hovering
INDICATIONS:
Procedure:
NOTE
Amplitude of collective movement is a function of height above ground. Any forward airspeed will aid in ability to cushion landing.
Engine Failure In Flight
Indications:
Procedure:
NOTE
Maintaining NR at high end of operating range will provide max energy to accomplish landing, but will cause an increased rate of descent.
NOTE
Maximum A/S for autorotation - 100 KIAS.
Min rate of descent - 55 KIAS.
Max glide - 80 KIAS.
Caution
IF CAUSE OF FAILURE IS OBVIOUSLY MECHANICAL, AS EVIDENCED BY ABNORMAL METALLIC OR GRINDING SOUNDS, DO NOT ATTEMPT A RESTART.
Restart Automatic Mode
No restart fault or FADEC manual lights illuminated.
Procedure:
NOTE
Minimum rate of descent airspeed of 55 KIAS and minimum NR will allow pilot more time for air restart.
If restart is unsuccessful, abort start and secure engine as follows:
Restart Manual Mode
No restart fault or FADEC manual lights illuminated.
Procedure:
NOTE
Minimum rate of descent airspeed of 55 KIAS and minimum NR will allow pilot more time for air restart.
If restart is unsuccessful, abort start and secure engine as follows:
Engine Underspeed
No caution/warning/advisory lights illuminated.
INDICATIONS:
PROCEDURE:
Engine Overspeed
No caution/warning/advisory lights illuminated.
Indications:
Procedure:
Caution
IF UNABLE TO MAINTAIN NR, NP, NG, OR MGT, PREPARE FOR A POWER OFF LANDING BY LOWERING COLLECTIVE AND SHUTTING DOWN ENGINE
Compressor Stall
INDICATIONS:
• PROCEDURE
NOTE
Severity of stalls will dictate if engine should be shut down and treated as an engine failure. Violent stalls can cause damage to engine and drive system components, and must be handled as an emergency condition. Stalls of a less severe nature (one or two low intensity pops) may permit continued operation of engine at a reduced power level, avoiding condition that resulted in compressor stall.
If pilot elects to continue flight:
If pilot elects to shutdown engine:
Engine Hot-start Shutdown
Indications:
PROCEDURE:
NOTE
Starter will remain engaged until MGT decreases to 150°C and then automatically disengage. Starter may be manually engaged by holding STARTER switch forward.
Engine Oil Pressure Low, High, or Fluctuating
Below minimum
Monitor pressure and temp - Land ASAPo
Above maximum or fluctuating abnormally
Monitor pressure and temp - Land ASAPr
Engine Oil Temp High
Land ASAPr
MR Driveshaft Failure
Warning
FAILURE OF MAIN DRIVESHAFT TO TRANSMISSION WILL RESULT IN COMPLETE LOSS OF POWER TO MAIN ROTOR. ALTHOUGH COCKPIT INDICATIONS FOR A DRIVESHAFT FAILURE ARE SIMILAR TO AN ENGINE OVERSPEED, IT IS IMPERATIVE THAT AUTOROTATIVE FLIGHT PROCEDURES BE ESTABLISHED IMMEDIATELY. FAILURE TO REACT IMMEDIATELY TO LOW RPM AUDIO, RPM LIGHT AND NP/NR TACHOMETER CAN RESULT IN LOSS OF CONTROL.
INDICATIONS:
NOTE
Engine overspeed trip system will activate at 118.5% NP causing fuel flow to go to minimum. After initial overspeed, FADEC will adjust fuel flow to maintain engine at 100% NP.
Procedure:
Note
Minimum rate of descent - 55 KIAS
Max glide distance airspeed is 80 KIAS.
Note
To maintain tail rotor effectiveness do not shutdown engine.
FADEC Failure
Note
Takeoff power may not be available in MAN mode. Max continuous power will be available for all ambient conditions.
INDICATIONS:
PROCEDURE:
WARNING
DEPENDENT ON FLIGHT PROFILE (T/O, CLIMB, CRUISE, OR DESCENT) AND POWER SETTING AT TIME OF FAILURE, THE TRANSITION TO MANUAL MODE MAY RESULT IN AN NR/NP OVERSPEED OR UNDERSPEED WITHIN 2 TO 7 SECONDS AFTER THE FADEC FAIL WARNING, REQUIRING POSITIVE MOVEMENTS OF COLLECTIVE AND THROTTLE TO CONTROL NR.
NOTE
Depressing FADEC MODE switch one time, will only mute FADEC fail audio and activate ignition. This step should not be accomplished until pilot is firmly established in MAN control.
Engine Fire on Ground
Indications:
Procedure:
Engine Fire During Flight
Indications:
Procedure:
Cabin Smoke or Fumes
If time and altitude permits:
Electrical Fire
Indications:
Procedure:
NOTE
Maintain safe flight condition and land ASAPo.
If source of smoke or fire can be positively identified, remove electrical power from the affected equipment by switching it off via switch or circuit breaker.
If source of the smoke or fire cannot be positively identified:
If smoke/fumes do not decrease:
If smoke/fumes do not decrease:
Warning
PRIOR TO BATTERY DEPLETION, ALTITUDE MUST BE REDUCED BELOW 8000 FEET HP (JET B). UNUSABLE FUEL MAY BE AS HIGH AS 151.0 POUNDS AFTER THE BATTERY IS DEPLETED DUE TO INABILITY TO TRANSFER FUEL FROM FORWARD CELLS.
NOTE
With battery and generator OFF, an 80% charged battery will operate left fuel boost pump and left fuel transfer pump for approximately 1.7 hours (2.8 hours with optional 28 amp-hour battery).
NOTE
Pedal stop disengages with loss of electrical power.
When throttle is repositioned to the idle stop (during engine shutdown), the PMA will go offline and the engine may flame out.
Tail Rotor Failures
There is no single emergency procedure for all types of antitorque malfunctions. The key to successful handling of a tail rotor emergency lies in the pilot’s ability to quickly recognize the type of malfunction that has occurred.
Complete Loss Of Tail Rotor Thrust
This is a situation involving a break in the drive system (e.g., severed driveshaft), wherein the tail rotor stops turning and delivers no thrust.
Indications:
Note
The severity of the initial reaction will be affected by A/S, cabin loading, CG, power being used, and HD.
Procedure:
Hovering - Close throttle and perform a hovering autorotation. A slight rotation can be expected on touchdown.
In-flight - Reduce throttle to idle, immediately enter autorotation, and maintain a minimum A/S of 55 KIAS during descent.
Note
When a suitable landing site is not available, vertical fin may permit controlled flight at low power levels and sufficient A/S. During the final stages of the approach, a mild flare should be executed, making sure that all power to rotor is off. Maintain helicopter in a slight flare and smoothly use collective to execute a soft, slightly nose-high landing. Landing on aft portion of skids will tend to correct side drift. This technique will, in most cases, result in a run-on type landing.
Caution
IN A RUN-ON TYPE LANDING AFTER TOUCHING DOWN, DO NOT USE CYCLIC TO REDUCE FORWARD SPEED.
Fixed Pitch Failures
This is a situation involving the inability to change the tail rotor thrust (blade angle) with the pedals due to a mechanical problem with the pedals.
Indications:
NOTE
If pedals cannot be moved with a moderate amount of force, do not attempt to apply a maximum effort, since a more serious malfunction could result. If helicopter is in a trimmed condition when malfunction occurs, TRQ and A/S should be noted and helicopter flown to a suitable landing area. Certain combinations of TRQ, NR, and A/S will correct a yaw attitude, and these combinations should be used to land helicopter.
NOTE
Pull pedal stop emergency release to ensure pedal stop is retracted.
Procedure:
Do not close throttle unless a severe right yaw occurs. If pedals lock in any position at a hover, landing from a hover can be accomplished with greater safety under power-controlled flight rather than by closing throttle and entering autorotation.
In a high power condition, helicopter will yaw to left when power is reduced. Power and A/S should be adjusted to a value where a comfortable yaw angle can be maintained. If A/S is increased, vertical fin will become more effective and an increased left yaw attitude will develop. To accomplish landing, establish a power-on approach with sufficiently low A/S (zero if necessary) to attain a rate of descent with a comfortable sideslip angle. (A decrease in NP decreases tail rotor thrust.) As collective is increased just before touchdown, left yaw will be reduced.
In cruise flight or reduced power situation, helicopter will yaw to right when power is increased. A low power, run-on type landing will be necessary by gradually reducing throttle to maintain heading while adding collective to cushion landing. If right yaw becomes excessive, close throttle completely.
Loss of HYD Pressure
INDICATIONS:
• PROCEDURE:
Flight Control Actuator Malfunction
An actuator hardover can occur in any flight control axis, but a cyclic cam jam will only occur in the fore and aft axis. An actuator hardover is manifested by uncommanded movements of one or two flight controls. If two controls move, the pilot will find one of these controls will require a higher than normal control force to oppose the movement. This force cannot be “trimmed” to zero without turning the HYD SYS switch OFF.
Once the hydraulic boost is OFF, the forces on the affected flight control will be similar to the “normal” hydraulic off forces.
• INDICATIONS:
PROCEDURE:
Generator Failure
INDICATIONS:
PROCEDURE:
NOTE
With generator OFF, a fully charged battery will provide approximately 21 minutes of power for basic helicopter and one VHF COMM radio (35 minutes with optional 28 ampere/ hour battery).