What are the different phases of memory? (LTM)
Encoding
Storage
Maintainance
Retrieval
Consolidation
Reconsolidation
What is a memory trace?
A physical record of memories in the brain
What are the 2 types of rehearsal used in the encoding stage of LTM?
Maintenance and elaborative
What is maintainance rehearsal?
- keep rehearsing over and over again, to keep it in working memory for a while
What is elaborative rehearsal?
- thinking about ab item continually, relating it to things we already know
What are the 2 levels in the levels of processing theory?
shallow processing and deep processing
What is the self-reference effect?
People remember information better when it is personally relevant to their own experiences and self-concept.
What is multiple trace theory?
Everytime an experience is recalled it creates a new unique memory trace in the brain.
What is spacing effect?
contextual information that is spaced widely apart should have more distinct contextual associations and therefore more retrieval routes.
What is meat by desirable difficulty?
Spaced practice makes information more difficult and slower to learn, this difficulty induces more durable nd flexible encoding strategies.
What is transfer appropriate processing?
a principle stating LTM retrieval is most effective when the cognitive processes used during initial encoding match those required in testing
What is meant by context reinstatement?
Recall of memories is better when the method of recalling relies on information that was processed during coding.
What is retrograde amnesia?
inablilty to remeber the past
What is anterograde amnesia?
Inability to form new memories
What is the role of the hippocampus in memory?
> storage site for memory
consolidates new memories
responsible for tagging memories with respect to context.
holds memories for a long period of time
What parts of the brain are associated with explicit memory?
- prefrontal cortex
- amygdala
- rhinal cortex
- hippocampus
What parts of the brain are associated with implicit memory?
-basal ganglia
-premotor cortex
-thalamus
What is the equipotentiality hypothesis?
When one memory related brain area is damages, another will take over
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1.1 history and methods37
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1.2 research methods and inferences54
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2.1 cellular neurophysiology27
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2.2 brain and nervous system46
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3.1 learning55
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3.2 memory29
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4.1 LTM18
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4.2 brain dysfunction37
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6.1 thinking and decision making25
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6.2 sleep and dreaming30
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7.1 psychopathy56
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7.2 psychopathy II35
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8.1 sensation and preception65
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8.2 multisensory intergration54
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9 social cognition47
