4.1 Virtualization Services

Question 1

What is a hypervisor?

Answer 1

Software that creates, manages, and allocates resources to virtual machines and controls their interaction with physical hardware.

Hypervisors are essential for virtualization technology.

Question 2

What is another name for a hypervisor?

Answer 2

Virtual Machine Manager (VMM)

This term emphasizes the hypervisor’s role in managing virtual machines.

Question 3

What is a Type 1 hypervisor?

Answer 3

A bare-metal hypervisor that runs directly on physical hardware and acts as the primary operating system.

Type 1 hypervisors are typically more efficient than Type 2.

Question 4

Give examples of Type 1 hypervisors.

Answer 4

• VMware ESXi
• Microsoft Hyper-V

These hypervisors are commonly used in enterprise environments.

Question 5

What is a Type 2 hypervisor?

Answer 5

A hosted hypervisor that runs on top of an existing operating system.

Type 2 hypervisors are generally easier to set up and use.

Question 6

Give examples of Type 2 hypervisors.

Answer 6

• VMware Workstation
• Oracle VirtualBox

These hypervisors are popular for personal and development use.

Question 7

What CPU features improve virtualization performance?

Answer 7

Hardware virtualization extensions such as Intel VT-x and AMD-V.

These features allow better management of virtual machines.

Question 8

What resources does a hypervisor allocate to each VM?

Answer 8

• CPU cycles
• Memory (RAM)
• Storage
• Network access

Proper resource allocation is crucial for VM performance.

Question 9

Why must a host system have sufficient physical resources?

Answer 9

Because all virtual machines share the host’s hardware resources.

Insufficient resources can lead to performance degradation.

Question 10

What is NAT networking in virtualization?

Answer 10

VMs share the host’s IP address to access external networks.

This method simplifies network configuration.

Question 11

What is bridged networking?

Answer 11

VMs appear as separate devices on the local network with their own IP addresses.

This allows VMs to interact with other devices on the network.

Question 12

What is **private (internal-only) networking with VMs?

Answer 12

VMs can only communicate with each other, not external networks.

This setup enhances security by isolating VMs.

Question 13

What is a VM escape?

Answer 13

A security vulnerability where malware breaks out of one VM and affects other VMs or the host system.

VM escape poses significant security risks.

Question 14

What security controls should be applied to virtual machines?

Answer 14

• Firewalls
• Anti-malware software
• OS hardening
• Regular updates

These measures help protect VMs from threats.

Question 15

Why should users be cautious with pre-built virtual machines?

Answer 15

They may contain hidden malware or insecure configurations.

Always verify the source of pre-built VMs.

Question 16

What is Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI)?

Answer 16

A technology where a user’s desktop runs as a virtual machine on a remote server or in the cloud.

VDI allows centralized management of desktop environments.

Question 17

What local hardware is required for VDI?

Answer 17

Minimal hardware such as a keyboard, mouse, and display.

VDI reduces the need for powerful local machines.

Question 18

What is Desktop as a Service (DaaS)?

Answer 18

A cloud-based VDI model where desktop resources are hosted and managed remotely.

DaaS provides flexibility and scalability for organizations.

Question 19

What is application containerization?

Answer 19

Virtualization that runs applications without requiring a separate guest operating system for each app.

This approach improves resource efficiency.

Question 20

Why are containers considered lightweight?

Answer 20

They have smaller image sizes and share a single host operating system.

This reduces overhead compared to traditional VMs.

Question 21

How do containers differ from virtual machines?

Answer 21

Containers share the host OS, while VMs require a full guest OS for each instance.

This distinction affects performance and resource usage.

Question 22

What is a common container platform?

Answer 22

Docker.

Docker is widely used for developing and deploying containerized applications.

Question 23

What is a limitation of containers compared to VMs?

Answer 23

Applications must be compatible with the host operating system.

This can restrict the types of applications that can be containerized.