What is the function of an area
The primary or main use
What is administrative function and name an example of a place
Eg Manchester
- plates that make decisions about organising infrastructure and econmic activity for surrounding places
What is commercial function and name an example of a place
Eg Cambridge Science Park
- location with strong business influence
- where TNCs may be based
What is retail function and name an example of a place
Eg Stratford
- urban area with attractive retail facilities
- retail is main source of income and employment
What is industrial function and name an example of a place
Eg Sheffield
- place where economy and reputation is predominantly based on its industrial capacity
Why does a change in function cause demographics to change
economic growth attracts young people and ethnically diverse due to job opportunities
How has function changed in Woking
Before - war burial site
After - retail, Peacocks Centre/Wolsey Place / commerical, McLaren
How has function changed in Stratford
Before - industrial, docklands
After - retail, Westfield
Woking demographic structure (age / ethnic structure)
- influx of elederly people age 80+
- median age is 35-39
- 60% Christian, 10% Muslim
- 75% white British, 6% Pakistani
-most diverse in Surrey
Stratford demographic structure (age / ethnic structure)
- median age 25-34
- 40% White British, 30% Asian
- 45% Christian, 20% Muslim
Why do functions change - physical factors
coasts, energy
- sea level rise/climate change cause erosion and threatens coastal towns/industries
- increasing floods
- land required for renewables
Why do functions change -accessibility and connectedness
- more commuters mean more houses needed on rural-urban fringe
- more reliance on motorways/railways
- regional airports allow migration to rural and urban areas
Why do functions change - historical development
industrial age
- mechanisation and global shift caused decline in primary and secondary sectors
- changes in consumer trends as more affluence creates demand for leisure and tourism
Why do functions change - local and National planning
- policies on restructuring economy after deindustrialisation
- regulations on green belt land
- local authorities have to help reach housing targets
Why has function changed in Woking
- Woking station direct to Waterloo has made it more valuable in SW railways
- built schools/houses on greenbelt land eg Hoe Valley
Why has function changed in Stratford
- 2012 Olympics required stadium, housing, better connectivity
- closure of docks
- Westfield shopping centre
What is gentrification
When affluent people move into an area so services improve as they receive more investment
What is studentification
When students clustering in cities creating greater demand for services
- can cause issues when they go home in the holidays as business don’t make as much / lose staff
- can have antisocial behaviour
- eg Headingly / Hyde Park, Leeds
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4. Regeneration Key Terms20
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4.1 Classification Of Economies32
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4.2 Changes In Function And Characteristics18
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4.3 Connection, Economic & Social Characteristics20
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4.4 Priorities For Regeneration32
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4.5 Variations In Lived Experience19
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4.6 Need For Regeneration9
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4.7 UK Government Policy28
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4.8 Local Government and Development26
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4.9 Rebranding11
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4.10 Measuring Success16
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4.11 Urban Stakeholders & Success22
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4.12 Rural Stakeholders & Success18
