4.5 - Emerging Cryptography

Question 1

What is emerging crptography?

Answer 1

New cryptography aided by advanced technology to strengthen and mature security

Question 2

What is Blockchain?

Answer 2

It is a decentralised and distributed digital ledger

Each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, a timestamp and transaction data. Uses digital signatures for authenticity. Uses public key (asymmetric) encryption serves as the basis for blockchain wallets and transactions

Question 3

What is Homomorphic encryption?

Answer 3

Form of encryption that allows computations to be performed directly on encrypted data without decrypting it first

Question 4

What is Quantum Cryptography?

Answer 4

Applies principles of quantum mechanics to encrypt messages. Requires immense computing power.

Quantum computers are machines that exploit quantum mechanical phenomena to solve math problems that are difficult for conventional computers

Takes advantage of quantum’s multiple states, with it no change theory, meaning it cannot be unknowingly interrupted

Question 5

What is Post-quantum cryptography?

Answer 5

Goal: Develop cryptographic systems that are secure against both quantum and classical computers and can interoperate with existing communication protocols and networks

If large-scale quantum computers are built, they will be able to break many public key cryptosystems currently in use. This would seriously compromise the confidentiality and integrity of digital communications on the Internet and elsewhere

Question 6

What is Partially Homomorphic Encryption (PHE)?

Answer 6

One operation can be performed an unlimited number of times on the ciphertext

Question 7

What is Somewhat Homomorphic Encryption (SHE)?

Answer 7

Supports limited operations up to a certain complexity but these operations can only be performed a set number of times

Question 8

What is Fully Homomorphic Encryption?

Answer 8

Encrypted data in its full form would be able to be processed (still in development)