Human Biology
flashcards
Decks in class (42)
# Cards
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Development of the concept of life1
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Parastiology8
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22. Cell reproduction. Haploid-Diploid cycle. Aberrations in the normal run of mitosis and meiosis.12
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23. Sex and sexual traits. Determination and differentiation of the sex.5
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24. Sex chromatin (Barr’s body) - nature and medical significance.4
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25. Sexual reproduction. Gametogenesis. Fertilisation. Not typical forms of sexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction:5
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26. Embryonic period - stages. The “induction” theory of Spemann.4
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27. Factors and mechanisms of morphogenesis. Genetic basis of embryogenesis.8
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28. Postembryonic period - direct development and metamorphosis, raging and death.5
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29. Regeneration - definition, mechanisms, medical significance.5
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30. Explantation - definition, conditions, medical significance.6
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31. Anabiosis, hypothermia and hibernation - nature and medical significance.0
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32. Molecular base of heredity. DNA and RNA - structure and functions.4
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33. DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. DNA repairs.12
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34. Transcription - defintion and mechanism.8
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35. Translation - definition, stages, mechanism.5
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36. Genetic code - definition and characteristics.4
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37. Gene and regulation of the gene activity. Operon and its functions.16
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38. Hereditary material. Chromosomes - composition, submicroscopic and microscopic structure.8
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39. Karyotype - definition and evolution. The human karyotype.6
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40. Inheritance - basic of Mendelian genetics. Main types of inheritance. Multiple alleles and sex-linked traits.6
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41. Interactions between alleles and genes. and 42. Deviations from Mendel’s Laws - main causes.7
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43. Heredity and environment - phenocopy, genocopy, incomplete (reduced) penetrance.6
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44. Genetic variation. Phenotype variations - modifications.5
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45. Genotype alteration. Mutations - definition, different kinds.11
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46. Gene (point) mutations - definition, kinds, mechanism, “molecular diseases”.6
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47. Chromosomal (structural) mutations - definition, different rearrangements, “chromosomal diseases”.0
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47. Chromosomal (structural) mutations - definition, different rearrangements, “chromosomal diseases”.7
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48. Genomic (numerical) mutations - definitions, types, human syndromes.5
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49. Immune system – lymphoid organs and cells involved. Innate and acquired immunity.9
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50. Immune response - diversity and memory. Primary and secondary response, cellular and humoral response.5
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51. Antigens - definition, characteristics, different types4
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52. Human blood groups, alloantigens, the ABO/ H/ system.9
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53. Rhesus system. The immune conflict “Mother-Fetus”.8
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54. Antibodies - definition, structure, major class’s and functions.14
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55. Cells of the immune system. T and B cell populations, markers. Cell cooperation.6
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56. Major Histocompatibility complex - H-2 and HLA system.7
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57. Transplantation immunology. Relationship between donor and recipient. Host versus Graft (HvGR) and Graft versus Host reaction (GvHR).4
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58. The tolerance to foreign antigens. Immunosuppression - significance to medicine.5
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59. Anthropogenesis - human paleontological history.9
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60. Biological and social nature of man. Human races.4
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61. Biology and genetics of populations. Phenotype, genotype and gene (allele) frequencies. Hardy-Weinberg Law. And 62. Hardy-Weinberg law. Factors affecting.13
