Describe the pathophysiology of stable angina. (5 marks),Fixed atherosclerotic narrowing of coronary arteries
reduced coronary reserve
Compare stable angina with acute coronary syndrome. (5 marks),”Stable angina: fixed plaque, exertional pain, relieved by rest, normal troponin. ACS: plaque rupture, thrombosis, pain at rest, raised troponin.”
Outline the management of stable angina. (5 marks),”Lifestyle modification, antiplatelet therapy, statins, beta-blockers or CCBs, nitrates for symptom relief, consider revascularisation if uncontrolled.”
Explain how nitrates relieve angina. (5 marks),Venodilation reduces preload
reduced myocardial wall stress
Describe the role of beta-blockers in stable angina. (5 marks),”Reduce heart rate, reduce contractility, prolong diastole, reduce oxygen demand, improve exercise tolerance.”
