5 Perception

Question 1

What are the areas of the parietal lobe for perception?

Answer 1

• Areas 3a and 3b = receive individal receptor information
• Area 1 - further processings: movement
• Area 2 - combines information from 1 and 3a = perception such as object Identification
• Area 2 sends infromation to entire body surface (homunculus) of the primary motor cortex

Question 2

What is perceptions relationship with sensory and movement?

Answer 2

• Sensory processing preceeds movement
• motot = Internal representation + desired movement
• Action is guided by perception
  
  • coordinated movement in space
  • know where in space object is
  • personal space
  • body image, schema, spatial perception

Question 3

What is the posterior parietal cortex-develops percetions?

Answer 3

• posterior parietal lobe integrates somatic sensory input with other sensory modalities to give rise to perceptions and to focus attention in extra personal space

Question 4

What are the deficits related to spatial perception, visuomotor intergration, and directed attention

Answer 4

• Agnosia
• Figure ground
• Apraxia
• Neglect

Question 5

What is Agnosia?

Answer 5

• lose ability to interpret or have meaning of things
• loss ability to identity things through touch or vision

Question 6

What is steriognosis? What is the examination?

Answer 6

• The ability to utilize somatosensory information (proprioception and touch) to ID objects
• Examination: ID object in palm
  
  • Familiar shaped objects (ball or key rather than circle triangle)

Question 7

What is asteriognosis? What is the intervention?

Answer 7

• Inability to recognize the form of objects through somatosensation
• Intervention: practice differentiating objects through tactile system
  
  • practice shaping hand for different objects
    
    • Descrimination

Question 8

What is Figure ground deficit? What is the examination and intervention?

Answer 8

• People who have deficits in figure ground organization have difficuty visually differentiating objects from surroundings
  
  • Background or foreground?
• Examination: Figure ground test
• Intervention: Insruct person to ID imporant aspects from visual environment
  
  • generally an area treated by OT

Question 9

What is Apraxia?

Answer 9

• Inability to carry out multi-step actions for an action goal (ADL) and perform tool based actions

Question 10

What are the 3 types of apraxia?

Answer 10

• Deficits in sequencing action steps
  
  • omit certain steps
• Conceptual errors knowlege of tool purpose and gestures
• spacial-temporal oraganization errors during movement
  
  • wrong movements in motor planning

Question 11

What are interventions for Apraxia?

Answer 11

• Errorless guidance of movement with many reps
• Teaching similar movements under different contextual siutaiosn
• Strategy training most effective
• Use of verbal cues improves apraxia when cues are faded

Question 12

Whar are deficits in the R posterior parietal cortex?

Answer 12

• Neglect syndrome
• Distrubance in directed attention

Question 13

What is neglect?

Answer 13

• Disorders of perceptive spatial relationships
• Neglect of the left side of the body
• Neglect of the L visua stimuli
• lack of access to memories of earlier perceptions on the neglected side

Question 14

What is the examination of neglect?

Answer 14

• Observe dressing, rolling, reaching, wheeling (bumping into walls)
• Cancellation test (crossing off letter or number)
  
  • only crosses R side
• copying objects
• Line bisection test

Question 15

What is the examination of attention?

Answer 15

• Extinction test
  
  • light tough unilaterlly and then bilaterally

Question 16

What are interventions to reduce neglect?

Answer 16

• Sustain attention
  
  • provide cue (knock)
• Provide proprioceptive input
• Prism (glasses to move L visual field to the R)
• Patching
  
  • cover R eye
• Mirror therapy
• Sensory stim

Question 17

What is Pusher Syndrome?

Answer 17

• Lesion posterior lateral thalamus
• Only visual and vestivular system involved
• Perception of tilted body orientation
• misperception obf body orientation
• CAUSE: error in information processing NOT vestibular gravireceptors
  *

Question 18

What are examination findings of pusher syndrome?

Answer 18

• pt tilted posture towards more affected side
• Classified:
  
  • severe tilt with fall
  • severe tilt w/o fall
  • mild tilt

NEED PUSH

Question 19

What are interventions for pushers?

Answer 19

• Teach pt to recognize
• Visual cues of environment
• Associated upright movements
• maintain posture while doing task

Question 20

What is the prognosis for pushers?

Answer 20

• Outcome about the same as those with out
• takes 3.6 weeks longer for rehab stays