Carl Gustav Jung
Collective unconscious
potential ways of being that all humans share
shown as aechetypes
Carl Gustav Jung
Archetypes
innate tendency that molds and transforms the individual consciousness
Carl Gustav Jung
Person:
Shadow:
- all the social masks that we wear among various groups and situations
- repressed ideas, weaknesses, desires, instincts and shortcomings
Carl Gustav Jung
Anima:
Animus:
- feminine side of male psyche
- masculine side of feminine psyche
Carl Gustav Jung
Self:
Wise old man:
Puer aeternus:
- ## central archetype and true midpoint of personality. Unified psyche as a whole
- older man whose emotional life has remained at an adolescent level (mother dependence)
Carl Gustav Jung
Quaternity:
Hero:
- image with a four fold structure (square or circular and symmetrical) that points to the idea of wholeness
- archetypal motif based on overcoming obstacles and achieving certain goals
Differences of Jung compared to freud
- Unconscious was divided into the ego, the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious
- Dreams can anticipate future events and be a creative source
- Sexuality is only one potential manifestation
- Religion is a necessary part of the individual process
- Interested in the field of parapsychology and in particular psychic phenomena such as telepathy and synchronicity.
Psychodynamic or psychoanalytic psychotherapy
a range of treatments based on psychoanalytic concepts and methods that involve less frequent meetings and may be considerably briefer than psychoanalysis proper.
Eight features that distinguish it
1) Focus on affect and expression and exploration of emotions
2) Exploration of attempts to avoid distressing thoughts and feelings
3) Identification of recurring themes and patterns in thoughts, feelings, self-concept, relationships…
4) Influenced by attachment theories (Bowlby)
5) Discussion of past experiences (developmental focus), early attachment fluids
6) Focus on interpersonal relations (in theoretical terms)
7) Focus on therapy relationship
8) Exploration of fantasy life (no structured sessions)
Mentalization-based theory (MBT)
Psychodynamic treatment for Borderline Personality Disorder that integrates cognitive, psychodynamic and relational components of therapy and enables individuals to better examine their own states of mind, understand the minds of others and behave more prosocially.
Based on attachment theory
Mentalization-based theory (MBT)
Mentalizing:
process by which we interpret the actions of ourselves and others in termes of underlying intentional states such as personal desires, needs, feelings, beliefs and reasons.
Mentalization-based theory (MBT)
Mentalizing characteristics:
CBT
The value of understanding the relationship between my thoughts and feelings and my behaviour.
Mentalization-based theory (MBT)
Mentalizing characteristics:
Systemic
The value of understanding the relationship between the thoughts and feelings of family members and their behaviours and the impact of these on each other.
Mentalization-based theory (MBT)
Mentalizing characteristics:
Psychodynamic
The value of understanding the nature of resistance to therapy and the dynamics of here-and-now in the therapeutic relationship
Mentalization-based theory (MBT)
Mentalizing characteristics:
Social-ecological
The value of understanding the impact of context upon mental state
Mentalization-based theory (MBT)
Development process:
Normal mentalization develops in the first few years of life in the context of safe and secure child-caregiver relationships. The infant finds its mind represented in the mind of the other and develops a sense of self as a social agent, learns to differentiate and represent affect states and regulate impulse control.
Childhood neglect, emotional, physical or sexual abuse, inadequate maternal responses and disorganized attachments disrupt this developmental process.
Mentalization-based theory (MBT)
Mentalizing characteristics:
Evidence
Effective intervention for the treatment of adults with BPD diagnosis, adolescents who self-harm, mothers enrolled in substance abuse treatments, depression and eating disorders and professionals supporting mothers of children at risk.
Limitations of psychoanalysis
- Ignoring empirical evidence
- Practical limitations: time, expense, validity
- The role of the therapist
- Doesn’t take all the client’s needs into consideration
Strengths of psychoanalysis
- First comprehensive theory of human behaviour
- Freud’s observations set the direction for subsequent personality theory and research
- First system of psychotherapy
- Promoted important psychological concepts
