5.1 - Individual Differences Flashcards

Question

How can skill levels affect the inverted u theory?

Answer 1

Advanced players have more motor programmes, so they can cope with higher arousals than optimum as their actions require less conscious attention. Beginners have to process more

Answer 2

- types who enjoy high levels of excitement/ more extroverted can cope in high arousal settings - backed up by link between RAS and personality

Answer 3

Shows a much more dramatic decline in performance as arousal increases. Two types of anxiety taken into consideration being somatic anxiety and cognitive anxiety Cognitive - more crucial in determining performers reactions to high stress levels High cognitive + low somatic improves performance

Answer 4

Performance will decline

Answer 5

Can severely deteriorate - a catastrophic response - if after this catastrophic effect, arousal decreases, then performance will once again improve but not back to its originally optimal level

Answer 6

``` Somatic = anxiety felt physiologically/ of the body Cognitive = anxiety experienced by the mind ```

Answer 7

A phrase used about sportsmen who achieve optimum performance levels and associate this with a particular emotional response

Answer 8

Located in the central core of the brainstern and maintains are levels of arousal - enhance or inhibit sensory stimuli - introverts dislike high arousal as their RAS is already stimulated and vice versa

Answer 9

1. Individual differences I way people interact with situation , eg cup game is more anxious than friendly 2. Different types of anxiety - more trait anxiety or state anxiety? 3. Anxiety depends on situation and the person ,eg some people may more anxious in training than in a match with large crowd = competitive trait anxiety

Answer 10

Tendency to perceive competitive situations as threatening and to respond to these situations with feelings of apprehension or tension

Answer 11

The sport competition anxiety test and jr is a self report questionnaire to assess the anxiety they felt shrunk competition

Answer 12

1. Be relaxed and in control - not high levels of arousal 2. Be confidence - exude pride and confidence in your abilities 3. Completely focused 4. Activity is effortless 5. Movements are autonomous 6. Have fun

Answer 13

Cues that are relevant at the particular time

Answer 14

Intent to harm outside the rules of the sports event | - athlete shoulder barging another on the final bend in a 1500m race

Answer 15

Forceful behaviour within the laws of the event | - boxer landing final knockout punch

Answer 16

- early humans were not warriors but hunter gatherers - close evolutionary relatives such as gorillas would also be expected to be highly aggressive, but they aren’t - human aggression is often not spontaneous but learned

Answer 17

American psychologist Hull in 1943

Answer 18

Hull saw that performance depends on how a dominant learned response is intensified - learned behaviour more likely to occur as intensity increases spence and spence 1968 made P = HxD habit x drive

Answer 19

- drive reduction | - if performing best, performance may become habitual, lose drivenness to do better = performance decrease

Answer 20

individual may be motivated to complete a task, which can be seen as a drive, when drive is PERCEIVED to be fulfilled, then drive is reduced

Answer 21

devised by Dollard and his co workers in 1939 - allied to instinct theory but ha more evidence states that frustration will always lead to aggression as blocking of goals of individual = increased drive = increases aggression, which leads to catharsis

Answer 22

release of frustration which leads to a feeling of well-being

Answer 23

drive to a goal -> obstacle to goal -> frustration -> aggression = success or punishment

Answer 24

1969 by Berkowitz, states that when individual is frustrated, there is an increase in their arousal Lebel = readiness for aggression

Answer 25

Bandura 1977 advocates that aggression is a learned response rater than instinctive, we learn by observing and copying behaviour of others

Answer 26

- control arousal level through stress manage tech - remove aggressor completely from situation - reinforce non aggressive acts - punish aggressive participant - increase peer pressure to be non aggressive

Answer 27

facilitation - positive influence of others, who may be watching or competing on sports performance inhibition - negative influence = decrease in performance

Answer 28

1. presence of audience increases arousal | 2. increase in arousal means more likely that performers dominant response(correct/incorrect, expert/novice) will occur

Answer 29

- high anxiety type A individuals perform less well in the presence of others than individuals with a low anxiety trait (type b individuals) - extroverts tend to seek high arousal level situation and vice versa

Answer 30

- previous experiences - success/failure = learn for future - elite will do better in front of audience as they'll experience social facilitation, as dominant responses are correct - performing in front of people yo know, beginners = increase anxiety levels and hinder performance, expert can increase pride and performance

Answer 31

- simple or gross - require more arousal so more crowd encouragement, eg triple jump - complex or fine - lower levels of arousal more desirable as more concentration and complex decision making therefore an audience may interfere either than help such performers

Answer 32

- nature of crowd has impact on arousal level, eg, if its noisy and very competitive, performer feel more anxious and aggressive - physical proximity of the audience

Answer 33

- try to shut out audience using mental techniques such as imagery/ relaxation - teach skills to beginners in a non evaluative atmosphere

5.1 - Individual Differences Flashcards

(57 cards)