5.3

Question 1

1. How do conserved processes support the concept of common ancestry?
2. Why are these processes considered fundamental for continuity of life?

Answer 1

1. Shared and conserved processes support the concept of common ancestry because fundamental features link organisms by lines of descent.
2. Processes like cellular respiration and transmission of genetic information allow life to continue through generations.

Question 2

What’s something that ensures the continuity of life?

Answer 2

(The passing down of) heritable information

Question 3

What are carriers of genetic information?

Answer 3

DNA and RNA

Question 4

How does transfer of genetic information occur?

Answer 4

It happens through cell division

Question 5

What are shared, conserved, fundamental processes and features support the concept of common ancestry for all organisms?

Answer 5

1. Major features of the genetic code (the use of nucleic acids)
2. The use of/containing ribosomes to create protiens using nucleic acid sequences
3. Core metabollic pathways (cellular respiration: anaerobic and aerobic respiration, both contain glycolosis)

Question 6

1. What is Mendel’s law of segregation?
2. What is Mendel’s law of independent assortment?
3. What are a monohybrid cross and a dihybrid cross?
4. How can the laws of probability be applied to genetic crosses?
5. What is a pedigree and how do the patterns show types of inheritance?

Answer 6

1. Mendel’s law of segregation states that alleles are segregated into separate gametes during melosis.
2. Mendel’s law of independent assortment states that genes are not linked.
3. A monohybrid cross examines the inheritance of one trait and a dihybrid cross exams the inheritance of two traits.
4. Understanding Mendel’s laws allows for the application of mathematical calculations and laws of probability to predict genetic events.
5. Pedigrees show inheritance patterns within families and can be used to predict inheritance of traits in subsequent generations.

Question 7

What do Mendel’s laws describe?

Answer 7

They describe the inheritance of genes and traits of different chromosomes

Question 8

What’s a gene?

Answer 8

It’s a unit of heredity coding for a trait

Can be transferred from one generation to the next

Question 9

What’s a trait?

Answer 9

It’s a genetically determined characteristic that an organism possesses

Genes determine traits

Question 10

What’s an allele?

Answer 10

It’s a different variation of a trait

Organisms inherit alleles from both parents

Organisms can inherit different alleles for the same gene (AA, Aa, aa)

Question 11

What’s a genotype?

Answer 11

It’s a combination of the alleles you inherit

Homozygous, heterozygous

Question 12

What’s a phenotype?

Answer 12

It’s the physical result or expression of a gene

Question 13

What’s the law of segregation?

Answer 13

Mendel’s law of segregation states that alleles are segregated into separate gametes during melosis.

Question 14

Chromosomes carry…

Answer 14

alleles

Question 15

Homologous chromosomes…

Answer 15

carry the alleles for the same trait

Question 16

What does the seperation of alleles allow for?

Answer 16

Increased genetic variation among gametes, and eventually among offspring

Question 17

Reappearance of the recessive phenotype in the F2 generation is evidence of…

Answer 17

segregation of alleles.

Question 18

What does the law of indepedent assortment state?

Answer 18

One trait is not automatically inhereted with another by being on the same chromosomes initially, they eventually indepdently assort (in anaphase I and II)

Question 19

How do you determine the probability of A or B happening?

Answer 19

Add them
(1/2+1/2 = 1)

Question 20

How do you determine the probability of A and B happening?

Answer 20

Mulitply them.
(1/2 x 1/2)

Question 21

What’s a monohybrid cross?

Answer 21

It’s an examination of how one trait is inherited

Question 22

What’s a dihybrid cross?

Answer 22

It’s an examination of how two traits are inherited

Question 23

Give me a phenotype ratio

Answer 23

3:1
(3 purple to 1 white ratio)

Question 24

1. Why do scientists use hypothesis testing?
2. What is the purpose of a chi-square goodness-of-fit test?
3. What steps are necessary to perform a chi-square goodness-of-fit test?