Biology SL > 5.3 Classification > Flashcards

5.3 Classification Flashcards

(22 cards)

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1
Q

Outline the binomial system of nomenclature

A

The binomial system of nomenclature is used to asign a scientific name to every organism, composed of the genus, which is capitalised, and the species which is in lowercase.
For example: Homo sapiens
Some species may have a sub species designation.
Examlple: Homo sapiens sapiens
- This shows how closely related organisms are and allows the comparison and identification of organisms based on shared characteristics

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2
Q

Hierarchy of taxa

Plus examples - animal and plant

A

Lion
- Domain: Eukarya
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Chordata
- Class: Mammalia
- Order: Carnivora
- Family: Felidae
- Genus: Panthera
- Species: leo

Buttercup
- Domain: Eukarya
- Kingdom: Plantae
- Phylum: Angiospermophyta
- Class: Eudicotidae
- Order: Ranunculales
- Family: Ranunculacae
- Genus: Ranunculus
- Species: acris

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3
Q

What are the three main domains?

A

Eukarya
Bacteria
Archaea

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4
Q

Artificial classification

One of the types of classification

A

Identifying one or a few characteristics first and then grouping organisms accordingly.
- For example, if organisms were classified according to the presence of fins then whales would be grouped with fish
- The disadvantage is that they do not generally show evolutionary relationships

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5
Q

Natural classification + advantage & disadvantage

One of the types of classification

A

Grouping organisms considering all of their morphology and characteristucs
- According to a natural classification system, all members of a particular group would have shared a common ancestor
- An advantage is that it can be used to show evolutionary relationships and predict characteristics shared by species within a group
- A disadvantage of natural classification is that taxonomists may need to reclassify groups if new phylogenetic evidence emerges

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6
Q

Bryophyta - features

Phyla from kingdom Plantae

A
  • Lacks xylem and phloem
  • Reproduce via spores released from stalk capsules
  • No ‘true’ leaves, roots or stems
  • Example: mosses
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7
Q

Filicinophyta

Phyla from kingdom Plantae

A
  • Has a xylem and phloem
  • Reproduce via spores in sporangia
  • Have leaves, roots and stems –> the leaves are large fronds divided into leaflets
  • Example: ferns
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8
Q

Coniferophyta

Phyla from kingdom Plantae

A
  • Has xylem and phloem
  • Reproduce by seeds found in cones
  • Has roots, woody stems, and waxy needle-like leaves
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9
Q

Angiospermophyta

Phyla from kingdom Plantae

A
  • Have xylem and phloem
  • Reproduces by seeds from fruits or flowers
  • Has flowers, roots, stems and leaves
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10
Q

Porifera

Phyla from kingdom Animalia

A
  • Not symmetrical
  • Has no mouth or anus (has pores)
  • Not segmented
  • Uses spicules for support
  • Sea sponge
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11
Q

Cnidaria

Phyla from kingdom Animalia

A
  • Has radial symmetry
  • Has mouth but no anus
  • Not segmented
  • May have tentacles with stinging cells
  • Jellyfish
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12
Q

Platyhelmintha

Phyla from kingdom Animalia

A
  • Has bilateral symmetry
  • Has a mouth but no anus
  • Not segmented
  • Flattened body
  • Tapeworm
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13
Q

Annelida

Phyla from kingdom Animalia

A
  • Bilateral symmetry
  • Has mouth and anus
  • Segmented
  • Uses peristalsis for moving
  • Earthworm
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14
Q

Mollusca

Phyla from kingdom Animalia

A
  • Bilateral symmetry
  • Has mouth and anus
  • Non visible segments
  • May have a shell
  • Octopus
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15
Q

Arthropoda

Phyla from kingdom Animalia

A
  • Bilateral symmetry
  • Have mouth and anus
  • Is segmented
  • Have jointed appendages and exoskeleton
  • Spider, crab, scorpion
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16
Q

Chordata: vertebrate animals

Phyla from kingdom Animalia

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A
  • Bilateral symmetry
  • Has mouth and anus
  • Is segmented (clearly seen as embryo)
  • Mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish
17
Q

Fish

Vertebrate

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A
  • Have scales on their bodies
  • Breathe through gills
  • Are cold blooded
  • Shark
18
Q

Amphibians

Vertebrates

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A
  • Have slimy skin
  • Lay eggs in water
  • Cold blooded
  • Frogs
19
Q

Reptiles

Vertebrates

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A
  • Dry scaly skin
  • Lay eggs on land
  • Habitat on land
  • Snakes
20
Q

Birds

Vertebrates

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A
  • Have feathers and wings
  • Lay eggs
  • Warm blooded
  • Breathe through lungs
  • Mute swan
21
Q

Mammals

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A
  • Have fur or hair
  • Feed on milk
  • Have internal fertilisation
22
Q

Phylogenetic classification

One of the types of classification

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A

Involved sequencing DNA from organisms and putting them into groups based on how many differences and similarities exist - provides evidence for reclassification

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