Define substance misuse
Harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances, alcohol, or illicit drugs
What is the associated epidemiology of substance misuse?
Stimulants = patient feels more alert/energy/confidence e.g. tobacco
Hallucinogens = ‘mind-altering’, can change mood, senses, and perceptions e.g. LSD
Depressants = patient feels relaxed e.g. alcohol
What is the mechanism of dependence?
Physical = experiencing symptoms with withdrawal
Psychological = having impaired control of one’s life
What is the mechanism of tolerance?
Diminished response to alcohol/other drugs over the course of repeated/prolonged exposure
What is the mechanism of withdrawal?
- abruptly stop or decrease intake of a substance
- body is thrown off balance
- symptoms of withdrawal (physical and mental)
What is the mechanism of addictive behaviour?
(1) binge/intoxication
(2) withdrawal and negative affect
(3) preoccupation and anticipation
What are the common treatment regimes for addictions and withdrawal states?
- treatment in criminal justice system
- prescribing methadone
- therapeutic communities
- minimum intervention (screening and advice)
What UK agencies help patients with addiction problems?
Local services
E.g. action homeless, the bridge project and berry house (NHS)
