what are entire set of individuals that we are interested in studying
populations
what are a subset of individuals selected from the population?
sample
what are generally unknown and must be estimated from a sample?
parameters
what is the sample estimate?
statistic
what allows us to determine how likely it is to obtain a set of results from a single sample?
inferential statistics
what are techniques that allow us to make inferences about a population based on data that we gather from a sample?
inferential statistics
what is also known as testing for “statistical significance”?
inferential statistics
what helps us by giving us a “ball park range” around the number encompassing the true number?
statistical significance
if the range is small enough (p<.05) we can confidently say that the true amount of weight loss is…
more than zero, statistically significant
the what of an outcome can be thought of as a fraction, proportion, or percentage?
probability
what states that there is nothing going on?
null hypothesis
what states that there is a difference?
alternate hypothesis
if the probability is “low” this means our data is…
inconsistent with the null -there is evidence of a difference
if the probability is “high” , this means our data is…
consistent with the null - there does not seem to be evidence that there is a difference
if the data yields a probability value less than 0.05 that means that..
the data is inconsistent with the null, which states no treatment effect or relationship exists, so we reject the null hypothesis
if p <.05 our data is inconsistent with the null, we reject the null and declare our results…
statistically significant
if p >.05 our data is consistent with the null, we fail to reject the null and declare our results…
statistically non-significant
what tells us how likely it was that our sample was drawn from a hypothetical population where “nothing was going on”
p-value
what term means that the obtained results are unlikely to represent a situation where there was no relationship between variables?
statistical significance
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Module 4-Beyond the Evidence Hierarchy: Reliability & Validity issues40
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Module 4- part 256
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mod 5.1- understanding descriptive statistics19
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mod 5.2- critical appraisal of diagnostic studies20
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Mod 5.3 prognostic studies18
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6.1: Inferential statistics19
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6.2 t-Tests parametric testing5
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6.2 b ANOVA12
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6.2 c Correlation21
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6.3 Non parametric testing17
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Module 7.1: appraisal of RCTS16
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7.2 introduction to SRs16
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7.3 understanding clinical practice guidelines6
