Most common oxidation states of Ti and Ni?
+2 +3 +4
Most common oxidation states of V?
+2 +3 +4 +5
Most common oxidation states of Cr?
+2 +3 +6
Most common oxidation states of Mn?
+2 +4 +6 +7
Most common oxidation states of Fe and Co?
+2 +3
Most common oxidation states of Cu?
+1 and +2
Why do transition metals lose electrons from the 4s subshell first?
- Repulsion between electrons pushes 4s into a higher energy state than 3d subshell
- So electrons in 4s subshell are lost more easily
How does pH influence redox potential of a transition metal ion?
- When undergoing change in oxidation states, reactions often involve hydrogen ions
- Lower pH, excess acid, more H+ ions, so ensures reaction goes to completion
- So lower pH causes an increase in oxidation potential
How does changing the ligand influence redox potential of a transition metal ion?
- Stronger ligands bind better to central metal atom
- Eg NH3 is a stronger ligand than H2O
- Greater exothermic energy change
- Stronger ligands increase the redox potential
In my A level, what is the main reaction which illustrates the variable oxidation states of transition metal ions?
Zinc + Ammonium Vanadate
- Acidic conditions
What are the different oxidation states of vanadium + their colours?
What are the steps in the full reduction of vanadium by zinc?
What is the equation for the reduction of tollen’s reagent?
